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Efficacy of the transfluthrin-based personal insect repellent kit (PIRK) against the ixodid ticks Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis

An assay series was performed to assess the contact and spatial efficacy of the Personal Insect Repellent Kit (PIRK) against three species of ixodid ticks. The PIRK, a portable, passive device comprised of an inert physical substrate incorporated with the active ingredient (AI) transfluthrin (TF), h...

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Autores principales: Murgia, Maria V., Kaur, Jasleen, Widder, Laurie, Hill, Catherine A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9795340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36589864
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100070
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author Murgia, Maria V.
Kaur, Jasleen
Widder, Laurie
Hill, Catherine A.
author_facet Murgia, Maria V.
Kaur, Jasleen
Widder, Laurie
Hill, Catherine A.
author_sort Murgia, Maria V.
collection PubMed
description An assay series was performed to assess the contact and spatial efficacy of the Personal Insect Repellent Kit (PIRK) against three species of ixodid ticks. The PIRK, a portable, passive device comprised of an inert physical substrate incorporated with the active ingredient (AI) transfluthrin (TF), has demonstrated spatial efficacy against flying insects, including three species of mosquitoes, sand flies and stable flies. The device is the only TF end-use product registered with the EPA. Here we report the first studies to explore potential of the PIRK to control Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis. Dose-response assays confirmed toxicity of TF to larvae of all species in the μg/ml range following a 30-min exposure period. Nymphs and adults exhibited irritancy and avoidance behaviors on contact with the PIRK. Greater than 90% knockdown (KD) of I. scapularis nymphs and adults was observed after a 10-s exposure, and of A. americanum nymphs and adults after 10-s and 120-s exposure, respectively. Additionally, greater than 90% mortality was observed in I. scapularis nymphs and adults after 10-s and 40-s exposure, respectively. In spatial assays, the PIRK caused KD and post-exposure mortality of adult female I. scapularis exposed at a range of 5–28 cm. These results suggest both contact and spatial capacity of the PIRK, with greatest potency to nymphs versus adults and the prostriate tick I. scapularis versus the metastriate species A. americanum and D. variabilis. Future studies will explore spatial activity at a range of distances and exposure times, in the presence and absence of host cues and under semi-field conditions.
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spelling pubmed-97953402022-12-29 Efficacy of the transfluthrin-based personal insect repellent kit (PIRK) against the ixodid ticks Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis Murgia, Maria V. Kaur, Jasleen Widder, Laurie Hill, Catherine A. Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis Articles from the special issue on Spatial Repellents in the Lab and Field to Protect Civilian and Military Public Health, Edited by Seth C. Britch, Kenneth Linthicum and Dan Kline An assay series was performed to assess the contact and spatial efficacy of the Personal Insect Repellent Kit (PIRK) against three species of ixodid ticks. The PIRK, a portable, passive device comprised of an inert physical substrate incorporated with the active ingredient (AI) transfluthrin (TF), has demonstrated spatial efficacy against flying insects, including three species of mosquitoes, sand flies and stable flies. The device is the only TF end-use product registered with the EPA. Here we report the first studies to explore potential of the PIRK to control Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis. Dose-response assays confirmed toxicity of TF to larvae of all species in the μg/ml range following a 30-min exposure period. Nymphs and adults exhibited irritancy and avoidance behaviors on contact with the PIRK. Greater than 90% knockdown (KD) of I. scapularis nymphs and adults was observed after a 10-s exposure, and of A. americanum nymphs and adults after 10-s and 120-s exposure, respectively. Additionally, greater than 90% mortality was observed in I. scapularis nymphs and adults after 10-s and 40-s exposure, respectively. In spatial assays, the PIRK caused KD and post-exposure mortality of adult female I. scapularis exposed at a range of 5–28 cm. These results suggest both contact and spatial capacity of the PIRK, with greatest potency to nymphs versus adults and the prostriate tick I. scapularis versus the metastriate species A. americanum and D. variabilis. Future studies will explore spatial activity at a range of distances and exposure times, in the presence and absence of host cues and under semi-field conditions. Elsevier 2021-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9795340/ /pubmed/36589864 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100070 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Articles from the special issue on Spatial Repellents in the Lab and Field to Protect Civilian and Military Public Health, Edited by Seth C. Britch, Kenneth Linthicum and Dan Kline
Murgia, Maria V.
Kaur, Jasleen
Widder, Laurie
Hill, Catherine A.
Efficacy of the transfluthrin-based personal insect repellent kit (PIRK) against the ixodid ticks Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis
title Efficacy of the transfluthrin-based personal insect repellent kit (PIRK) against the ixodid ticks Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis
title_full Efficacy of the transfluthrin-based personal insect repellent kit (PIRK) against the ixodid ticks Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis
title_fullStr Efficacy of the transfluthrin-based personal insect repellent kit (PIRK) against the ixodid ticks Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of the transfluthrin-based personal insect repellent kit (PIRK) against the ixodid ticks Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis
title_short Efficacy of the transfluthrin-based personal insect repellent kit (PIRK) against the ixodid ticks Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis
title_sort efficacy of the transfluthrin-based personal insect repellent kit (pirk) against the ixodid ticks ixodes scapularis, amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis
topic Articles from the special issue on Spatial Repellents in the Lab and Field to Protect Civilian and Military Public Health, Edited by Seth C. Britch, Kenneth Linthicum and Dan Kline
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9795340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36589864
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100070
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