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Everglades virus evolution: Genome sequence analysis of the envelope 1 protein reveals recent mutation and divergence in South Florida wetlands

Everglades virus (EVEV) is a subtype (II) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), endemic in southern Florida, USA. EVEV has caused clinical encephalitis in humans, and antibodies have been found in a variety of wild and domesticated mammals. Over 29,000 Culex cedecei females, the main vecto...

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Autores principales: Valente, Monica C, Prakoso, Dhani, Vittor, Amy Y, Blosser, Erik M, Abid, Nabil, Pu, Ruiyu, Beachboard, Sarah E, Long, Maureen T, Burkett-Cadena, Nathan D, Mavian, Carla N
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9795574/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36582503
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/veac111
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author Valente, Monica C
Prakoso, Dhani
Vittor, Amy Y
Blosser, Erik M
Abid, Nabil
Pu, Ruiyu
Beachboard, Sarah E
Long, Maureen T
Burkett-Cadena, Nathan D
Mavian, Carla N
author_facet Valente, Monica C
Prakoso, Dhani
Vittor, Amy Y
Blosser, Erik M
Abid, Nabil
Pu, Ruiyu
Beachboard, Sarah E
Long, Maureen T
Burkett-Cadena, Nathan D
Mavian, Carla N
author_sort Valente, Monica C
collection PubMed
description Everglades virus (EVEV) is a subtype (II) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), endemic in southern Florida, USA. EVEV has caused clinical encephalitis in humans, and antibodies have been found in a variety of wild and domesticated mammals. Over 29,000 Culex cedecei females, the main vector of EVEV, were collected in 2017 from Big Cypress and Fakahatchee Strand Preserves in Florida and pool-screened for the presence of EVEV using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction. The entire 1 E1 protein gene was successfully sequenced from fifteen positive pools. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates clustered, based on the location of sampling, into two monophyletic clades that diverged in 2009. Structural analyses revealed two mutations of interest, A116V and H441R, which were shared among all isolates obtained after its first isolation of EVEV in 1963, possibly reflecting adaptation to a new host. Alterations of the Everglades ecosystem may have contributed to the evolution of EVEV and its geographic compartmentalization. This is the first report that shows in detail the evolution of EVEV in South Florida. This zoonotic pathogen warrants inclusion into routine surveillance given the high natural infection rate in the vectors. Invasive species, increasing urbanization, the Everglades restoration, and modifications to the ecosystem due to climate change and habitat fragmentation in South Florida may increase rates of EVEV spillover to the human population.
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spelling pubmed-97955742022-12-28 Everglades virus evolution: Genome sequence analysis of the envelope 1 protein reveals recent mutation and divergence in South Florida wetlands Valente, Monica C Prakoso, Dhani Vittor, Amy Y Blosser, Erik M Abid, Nabil Pu, Ruiyu Beachboard, Sarah E Long, Maureen T Burkett-Cadena, Nathan D Mavian, Carla N Virus Evol Research Article Everglades virus (EVEV) is a subtype (II) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), endemic in southern Florida, USA. EVEV has caused clinical encephalitis in humans, and antibodies have been found in a variety of wild and domesticated mammals. Over 29,000 Culex cedecei females, the main vector of EVEV, were collected in 2017 from Big Cypress and Fakahatchee Strand Preserves in Florida and pool-screened for the presence of EVEV using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction. The entire 1 E1 protein gene was successfully sequenced from fifteen positive pools. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates clustered, based on the location of sampling, into two monophyletic clades that diverged in 2009. Structural analyses revealed two mutations of interest, A116V and H441R, which were shared among all isolates obtained after its first isolation of EVEV in 1963, possibly reflecting adaptation to a new host. Alterations of the Everglades ecosystem may have contributed to the evolution of EVEV and its geographic compartmentalization. This is the first report that shows in detail the evolution of EVEV in South Florida. This zoonotic pathogen warrants inclusion into routine surveillance given the high natural infection rate in the vectors. Invasive species, increasing urbanization, the Everglades restoration, and modifications to the ecosystem due to climate change and habitat fragmentation in South Florida may increase rates of EVEV spillover to the human population. Oxford University Press 2022-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9795574/ /pubmed/36582503 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/veac111 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Valente, Monica C
Prakoso, Dhani
Vittor, Amy Y
Blosser, Erik M
Abid, Nabil
Pu, Ruiyu
Beachboard, Sarah E
Long, Maureen T
Burkett-Cadena, Nathan D
Mavian, Carla N
Everglades virus evolution: Genome sequence analysis of the envelope 1 protein reveals recent mutation and divergence in South Florida wetlands
title Everglades virus evolution: Genome sequence analysis of the envelope 1 protein reveals recent mutation and divergence in South Florida wetlands
title_full Everglades virus evolution: Genome sequence analysis of the envelope 1 protein reveals recent mutation and divergence in South Florida wetlands
title_fullStr Everglades virus evolution: Genome sequence analysis of the envelope 1 protein reveals recent mutation and divergence in South Florida wetlands
title_full_unstemmed Everglades virus evolution: Genome sequence analysis of the envelope 1 protein reveals recent mutation and divergence in South Florida wetlands
title_short Everglades virus evolution: Genome sequence analysis of the envelope 1 protein reveals recent mutation and divergence in South Florida wetlands
title_sort everglades virus evolution: genome sequence analysis of the envelope 1 protein reveals recent mutation and divergence in south florida wetlands
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9795574/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36582503
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/veac111
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