Identifying risk factors for post‐operative bleeding in women undergoing loop electrosurgical excision procedure for cervical dysplasia

BACKGROUND: Loop electrosurgical excision is a procedure utilised in the treatment of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) of the cervix. Post‐operatively women may experience immediate and/or delayed per vaginal bleeding. AIMS: The objective of this prospective pilot study was to assess the feasibility of identifying and quantifying patients' subjective experiences of post‐operative bleeding following a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for HSIL. In addition, an analysis of demographical, lifestyle and surgical factors was undertaken to assess for any statistically significant correlation with post‐operative bleeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 110 patients who underwent a LEEP for biopsy‐proven or suspected HSIL between 2017 and 2020. Subjective data were collected from weekly post‐operative surveys and correlated with procedural data. Primary outcome assessed was the subjective rate of bleeding experienced. Baseline demographics were age, body mass index (BMI), specimen size, human papilloma virus variant and histopathology. Other variables of interest collected were exercise intensity, and alcohol intake. RESULTS: No association of statistical significance was discovered between age, BMI, or day of menstrual cycle. There was a statistically significant association between exercise intensity or specimen size (greater than the median) and increased bleeding, primarily in the first 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Women who undergo intense or prolonged exercise in the post‐operative period may experience heavier bleeding particularly in the first 2 weeks post‐LEEP. Heavy bleeding was also associated with a larger specimen size. There was no correlation between BMI, age or any other demographical factor.