Psychological risk indicators for peri‐implantitis: A cross‐sectional study

AIM: The aim of this analytical cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the association between peri‐implantitis and psychological distress, and potentially related/mediating factors such as general health, bruxism, and lifestyle factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who received dental implants at a private practice in the Netherlands between January 2011 and January 2014 were recalled on a 5‐year clinical and radiographic follow‐up examination. Presence of peri‐implantitis was examined, and patients completed questionnaires measuring psychological distress (Symptom Checklist [SCL]‐90), bruxism, general health, and lifestyle factors. Associations between the self‐reported factors and peri‐implantitis were analysed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 230 patients (with 347 implants) were included in the analysis. Prevalence of (mild to severe) peri‐implantitis was 30% (69 patients). Variables that showed a significant univariable association with peri‐implantitis (p < .10) were the SCL‐90 subdomain depression, smoking, current medical treatment, and lung problems. In the multivariate regression analysis, depression was the only variable that was significantly associated with peri‐implantitis (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of depressive symptoms is a risk indicator for peri‐implantitis. Recognizing the potential negative impact of depressive symptoms may allow for better identification of high‐risk patients.