Serum supplementation during in vitro fertilization of sheep oocytes influences blastocyst quality through the differential abundance of mRNA transcripts

Incubation with estrous sheep serum (ESS) is required to induce in vitro capacitation of spermatozoa during in vitro fertilization of small ruminants. However, the effect of adding different serum concentrations in the fertilization media on the quality of resulting blastocysts has not yet been studied. Here, 298 sheep oocytes were co‐incubated with capacitated spermatozoa with either 10% or 2% ESS. There were no differences between treatments in cleavage (10% ESS: 63.81 ± 5.87% and 2% ESS: 45.31 ± 5.87%) and blastocyst rates (10% ESS: 20.83 ± 2.12% and 2% ESS: 15.93 ± 2.12%). Nonetheless, in vitro‐produced blastocysts from the 10% ESS treatment showed a higher transcript abundance of mRNAs involved in apoptosis (ITM2B and BCL2), antioxidant defence (GPX1) and growth‐related imprinting (IGF2R). Our data suggest that ESS supplementation during in vitro fertilization can influence the quality of sheep embryos at later stages of development by increasing the transcription of developmentally important genes.