Multiple detection of both attractants and repellents by the dCache‐chemoreceptor SO_1056 of Shewanella oneidensis

Chemoreceptors are usually transmembrane proteins dedicated to the detection of compound gradients or signals in the surroundings of a bacterium. After detection, they modulate the activation of CheA‐CheY, the core of the chemotactic pathway, to allow cells to move upwards or downwards depending on whether the signal is an attractant or a repellent, respectively. Environmental bacteria such as Shewanella oneidensis harbour dozens of chemoreceptors or MCPs (methyl‐accepting chemotaxis proteins). A recent study revealed that MCP SO_1056 of S. oneidensis binds chromate. Here, we show that this MCP also detects an additional attractant (l‐malate) and two repellents (nickel and cobalt). The experiments were performed in vivo by the agarose‐in‐plug technique after overproducing MCP SO_1056 and in vitro, when possible, by submitting the purified ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of SO_1056 to a thermal shift assay (TSA) coupled to isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). ITC assays revealed a K( D ) of 3.4 μm for l‐malate and of 47.7 μm for nickel. We conclude that MCP SO_1056 binds attractants and repellents of unrelated composition. The LBD of SO_1056 belongs to the double Cache_1 family and is highly homologous to PctA, a chemoreceptor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that detects several amino acids. Therefore, LBDs of the same family can bind diverse compounds, confirming that experimental approaches are required to define accurate LBD‐binding molecules or signals.