State of the art in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis animal models

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon venous thromboembolic event accounting for less than 1% of strokes resulting in brain parenchymal injuries. Diagnosis and prognosis are still challenging due to highly variable clinical course and etiologies. Beyond thrombosis, different CVST‐related parenchymal injuries may occur and include edema, ischemic strokes, and intra‐cerebral hemorrhage (ICH; i.e., parenchymal/subdural hematomas, and subarachnoid hemorrhages), which are identified in 40%–60% of patients without clearly identified mechanisms. In this perspective, experimental animal models contribute to the understanding of initiation, propagation, and resolution of thrombosis, as well as brain‐related damages. Last but not least, animal models may be useful to study new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of CVST experimental models, focusing on their strengths, limits, and contribution to the current knowledge.