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Gene–environment interplay in externalizing behavior from childhood through adulthood

BACKGROUND: Genetic and environmental influences on externalizing problems are often studied separately. Here, we extended prior work by investigating the implications of gene–environment interplay in childhood for early adult externalizing behavior. Genetic nurture would be indicated if parents...

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Autores principales: Kretschmer, Tina, Vrijen, Charlotte, Nolte, Ilja Maria, Wertz, Jasmin, Hartman, Catharina Annette
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9796590/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35766296
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13652
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author Kretschmer, Tina
Vrijen, Charlotte
Nolte, Ilja Maria
Wertz, Jasmin
Hartman, Catharina Annette
author_facet Kretschmer, Tina
Vrijen, Charlotte
Nolte, Ilja Maria
Wertz, Jasmin
Hartman, Catharina Annette
author_sort Kretschmer, Tina
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Genetic and environmental influences on externalizing problems are often studied separately. Here, we extended prior work by investigating the implications of gene–environment interplay in childhood for early adult externalizing behavior. Genetic nurture would be indicated if parents' genetic predisposition for externalizing behavior operates through the family environment in predicting offspring early adult externalizing behavior. Evocative gene–environment correlation would be indicated if offspring genetic predisposition for externalizing behavior operates through child externalizing behavior in affecting the family environment and later early adult externalizing behavior. METHOD: Longitudinal data from seven waves of the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey, a prospective cohort study of Dutch adolescents followed from age 11 to age 29 (n at baseline = 2,734) were used. Child externalizing behavior was assessed using self and parent reports. Family dysfunction was assessed by parents. Early adult externalizing behavior was assessed using self‐reports. Genome‐wide polygenic scores for externalizing problems were constructed for mothers, fathers, and offspring. RESULTS: Offspring polygenic score and child behavior each predicted early adult externalizing problems, as did family dysfunction to a small extent. Parents' polygenic scores were not associated with offspring's early adult externalizing behavior. Indirect effect tests indicated that offspring polygenic score was associated with greater family dysfunction via child externalizing behavior (evocative gene–environment correlation) but the effect was just significant and the effect size was very small. Parents' polygenic scores did not predict family dysfunction, thus the data do not provide support for genetic nurture. CONCLUSIONS: A very small evocative gene–environment correlation was detected but effect sizes were much more pronounced for stability in externalizing behavior from childhood through early adulthood, which highlights the necessity to intervene early to prevent later problems.
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spelling pubmed-97965902022-12-30 Gene–environment interplay in externalizing behavior from childhood through adulthood Kretschmer, Tina Vrijen, Charlotte Nolte, Ilja Maria Wertz, Jasmin Hartman, Catharina Annette J Child Psychol Psychiatry Original Articles BACKGROUND: Genetic and environmental influences on externalizing problems are often studied separately. Here, we extended prior work by investigating the implications of gene–environment interplay in childhood for early adult externalizing behavior. Genetic nurture would be indicated if parents' genetic predisposition for externalizing behavior operates through the family environment in predicting offspring early adult externalizing behavior. Evocative gene–environment correlation would be indicated if offspring genetic predisposition for externalizing behavior operates through child externalizing behavior in affecting the family environment and later early adult externalizing behavior. METHOD: Longitudinal data from seven waves of the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey, a prospective cohort study of Dutch adolescents followed from age 11 to age 29 (n at baseline = 2,734) were used. Child externalizing behavior was assessed using self and parent reports. Family dysfunction was assessed by parents. Early adult externalizing behavior was assessed using self‐reports. Genome‐wide polygenic scores for externalizing problems were constructed for mothers, fathers, and offspring. RESULTS: Offspring polygenic score and child behavior each predicted early adult externalizing problems, as did family dysfunction to a small extent. Parents' polygenic scores were not associated with offspring's early adult externalizing behavior. Indirect effect tests indicated that offspring polygenic score was associated with greater family dysfunction via child externalizing behavior (evocative gene–environment correlation) but the effect was just significant and the effect size was very small. Parents' polygenic scores did not predict family dysfunction, thus the data do not provide support for genetic nurture. CONCLUSIONS: A very small evocative gene–environment correlation was detected but effect sizes were much more pronounced for stability in externalizing behavior from childhood through early adulthood, which highlights the necessity to intervene early to prevent later problems. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-06-29 2022-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9796590/ /pubmed/35766296 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13652 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Kretschmer, Tina
Vrijen, Charlotte
Nolte, Ilja Maria
Wertz, Jasmin
Hartman, Catharina Annette
Gene–environment interplay in externalizing behavior from childhood through adulthood
title Gene–environment interplay in externalizing behavior from childhood through adulthood
title_full Gene–environment interplay in externalizing behavior from childhood through adulthood
title_fullStr Gene–environment interplay in externalizing behavior from childhood through adulthood
title_full_unstemmed Gene–environment interplay in externalizing behavior from childhood through adulthood
title_short Gene–environment interplay in externalizing behavior from childhood through adulthood
title_sort gene–environment interplay in externalizing behavior from childhood through adulthood
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9796590/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35766296
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13652
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