Morbidity and mortality in elderly dogs – a model for human aging

Over the last decades, canines have experienced a marked increase in their lifespan, mirroring human populations. Several authors have pointed out the domestic dog as a suitable animal model for geropathology translational research. The aim of this study is to assess age-related morbidities and mortality in a population of 269 elderly canines (130 males and 139 females) submitted to necropsy. The organic systems exhibiting the higher number of age-related morbidities were the reproductive, cardiovascular and urinary systems and, in females, also the mammary gland. The prevalence of cardiovascular and urinary disease was significantly higher in males and mammary lesions were exclusively found in females. Urinary disease was more frequent in small breeds dogs, while peritoneum and male genital morbidities were significantly higher in larger breeds. Hyperplastic and degenerative lesions were common morbidities found in this elderly dog population. The main cause of death was neoplasia, which accounted for almost half of the deaths. Cardiovascular and urinary pathology also emerged as a frequent cause of mortality. These findings partially parallel data obtained for human species, displaying cancer and cardiovascular pathology as major causes of disease and death in elderlies. Our data reinforce the potential of the domestic dog for further translational investigations on gerontology, meeting the concept of One Health. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03518-8.