Growth promoter, immune response, and histopathological change of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic bacteria on Nile tilapia

This study aimed at determining the influence of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplemented diets on Oreochromis niloticus. Fish with initial body weight (25.8 ± 1.2) g and length range from (13.5 ± 1.5) cm were collected and randomized to four dietary treatments for 60 days. Furthermore, fish were divided into three groups in triplicate; A0 control (-ve), A1 control (+ve) infected with V.anguillarium, and a third non-treated group. Moreover, the third group further separated into two groups, A and B. Group (A) was treated with prebiotic, probiotic, and symbiotic (A2, A3, and A4), while group (B) was infected with V.anguillarium then treated with prebiotic, probiotic and symbiotic (A5, A6, and A7). The results revealed that all treatments supplemented with synbiotics represented highly significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in (SGR), BWG percentage, relative growth rate (%), lysozyme activity, IMG, SOD, and CAT. At the same time, they exhibited a significant decrease in MAD and FCR. Besides, fish that feed dietary supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics revealed a significant increase in RBCs, WBCs, and Hb. In contrast, they showed a significant decrease in ALT, AST, albumin, total protein, globulin, creatinine, and urea compared with control. Additionally, high survival rates were recorded in groups that received a diet supplemented with probiotics, followed by prebiotics and synbiotics.