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Who is protected? Determinants of hepatitis B infant vaccination completion among a prospective cohort of migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B causes significant disease and death globally, despite the availability of effective vaccination. Migration likewise affects hundreds of millions of people annually, many of whom are women and children, and increases risks for poor vaccine completion and mother to child trans...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9803398/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36585709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01802-5 |
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author | Gilder, Mary Ellen Pateekhum, Chanapat Hashmi, Ahmar Aramrat, Chanchanok Aung, Ko Ko Miket, Wimon Chu, Cindy S. Win, December Bierhoff, Marieke Wiwattanacharoen, Wichuda Jiraporncharoen, Wichuda Angkurawaranon, Chaisiri McGready, Rose |
author_facet | Gilder, Mary Ellen Pateekhum, Chanapat Hashmi, Ahmar Aramrat, Chanchanok Aung, Ko Ko Miket, Wimon Chu, Cindy S. Win, December Bierhoff, Marieke Wiwattanacharoen, Wichuda Jiraporncharoen, Wichuda Angkurawaranon, Chaisiri McGready, Rose |
author_sort | Gilder, Mary Ellen |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B causes significant disease and death globally, despite the availability of effective vaccination. Migration likewise affects hundreds of millions of people annually, many of whom are women and children, and increases risks for poor vaccine completion and mother to child transmission of hepatitis B. In the neighbouring countries of Thailand and Myanmar, vaccine campaigns have made progress but little is known about the reach of these programs into migrant worker communities from Myanmar living in Thailand. METHODS: A cohort of 253 postpartum women (53 urban migrants in Chiang Mai and 200 rural migrants in Tak Province) were surveyed about their Hepatitis B knowledge and willingness to vaccinate their children between September 10, 2019 and March 30, 2019. They were subsequently followed to determine vaccine completion. When records of vaccination were unavailable at the birth facility, or visits were late, families were contacted and interviewed about vaccination elsewhere, and reasons for late or missed vaccines. RESULTS: Though women in Tak province displayed better knowledge of Hepatitis B and equal intention to vaccinate, they were 14 times less likely to complete Hepatitis B vaccination for their children compared to migrants in Chiang Mai. Tak women were largely undocumented, had private (non-profit) insurance and had more transient residence. In Chiang Mai migrant women were mostly documented and had full access to the Thai national health services. Though minor individual and facility-level differences may have contributed, the major driver of the disparity seems to be the place of migrants within local socio-political-economic systems. The COVID-19 pandemic further disproportionately affected Tak province migrants who faced severe travel restrictions hampering vaccination. Sixty percent of families who were lost to vaccine follow-up in Tak province could not be contacted by phone or home visit. Chiang Mai migrants, with 86.8% vaccine completion, nearly reached the target of 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Achievement of high levels of hepatitis B vaccination in migrant communities is important and feasible, and requires inclusive policies that integrate migrants into national health and social services. This is more urgent than ever during the COVID-19 era. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12939-022-01802-5. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9803398 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98033982023-01-01 Who is protected? Determinants of hepatitis B infant vaccination completion among a prospective cohort of migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic Gilder, Mary Ellen Pateekhum, Chanapat Hashmi, Ahmar Aramrat, Chanchanok Aung, Ko Ko Miket, Wimon Chu, Cindy S. Win, December Bierhoff, Marieke Wiwattanacharoen, Wichuda Jiraporncharoen, Wichuda Angkurawaranon, Chaisiri McGready, Rose Int J Equity Health Research BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B causes significant disease and death globally, despite the availability of effective vaccination. Migration likewise affects hundreds of millions of people annually, many of whom are women and children, and increases risks for poor vaccine completion and mother to child transmission of hepatitis B. In the neighbouring countries of Thailand and Myanmar, vaccine campaigns have made progress but little is known about the reach of these programs into migrant worker communities from Myanmar living in Thailand. METHODS: A cohort of 253 postpartum women (53 urban migrants in Chiang Mai and 200 rural migrants in Tak Province) were surveyed about their Hepatitis B knowledge and willingness to vaccinate their children between September 10, 2019 and March 30, 2019. They were subsequently followed to determine vaccine completion. When records of vaccination were unavailable at the birth facility, or visits were late, families were contacted and interviewed about vaccination elsewhere, and reasons for late or missed vaccines. RESULTS: Though women in Tak province displayed better knowledge of Hepatitis B and equal intention to vaccinate, they were 14 times less likely to complete Hepatitis B vaccination for their children compared to migrants in Chiang Mai. Tak women were largely undocumented, had private (non-profit) insurance and had more transient residence. In Chiang Mai migrant women were mostly documented and had full access to the Thai national health services. Though minor individual and facility-level differences may have contributed, the major driver of the disparity seems to be the place of migrants within local socio-political-economic systems. The COVID-19 pandemic further disproportionately affected Tak province migrants who faced severe travel restrictions hampering vaccination. Sixty percent of families who were lost to vaccine follow-up in Tak province could not be contacted by phone or home visit. Chiang Mai migrants, with 86.8% vaccine completion, nearly reached the target of 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Achievement of high levels of hepatitis B vaccination in migrant communities is important and feasible, and requires inclusive policies that integrate migrants into national health and social services. This is more urgent than ever during the COVID-19 era. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12939-022-01802-5. BioMed Central 2022-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9803398/ /pubmed/36585709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01802-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Gilder, Mary Ellen Pateekhum, Chanapat Hashmi, Ahmar Aramrat, Chanchanok Aung, Ko Ko Miket, Wimon Chu, Cindy S. Win, December Bierhoff, Marieke Wiwattanacharoen, Wichuda Jiraporncharoen, Wichuda Angkurawaranon, Chaisiri McGready, Rose Who is protected? Determinants of hepatitis B infant vaccination completion among a prospective cohort of migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title | Who is protected? Determinants of hepatitis B infant vaccination completion among a prospective cohort of migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_full | Who is protected? Determinants of hepatitis B infant vaccination completion among a prospective cohort of migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_fullStr | Who is protected? Determinants of hepatitis B infant vaccination completion among a prospective cohort of migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_full_unstemmed | Who is protected? Determinants of hepatitis B infant vaccination completion among a prospective cohort of migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_short | Who is protected? Determinants of hepatitis B infant vaccination completion among a prospective cohort of migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_sort | who is protected? determinants of hepatitis b infant vaccination completion among a prospective cohort of migrant workers in thailand during the covid-19 pandemic |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9803398/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36585709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01802-5 |
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