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A Sorry Excuse for an Apology: Examining People’s Mental Representations of an Apologetic Face

The goal of the current research was to gain an understanding of people’s mental representations of an apologetic face. In Study 1, participants’ responses were used to generate visual templates of apologetic faces through reverse correlation (Study 1a, n = 121), and a new set of participants (Study...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: George, Meghan, Guilfoyle, Joshua R., Steele, Jennifer R., Struthers, C. W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9803897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36619160
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-022-00422-5
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author George, Meghan
Guilfoyle, Joshua R.
Steele, Jennifer R.
Struthers, C. W.
author_facet George, Meghan
Guilfoyle, Joshua R.
Steele, Jennifer R.
Struthers, C. W.
author_sort George, Meghan
collection PubMed
description The goal of the current research was to gain an understanding of people’s mental representations of an apologetic face. In Study 1, participants’ responses were used to generate visual templates of apologetic faces through reverse correlation (Study 1a, n = 121), and a new set of participants (Study 1b, n  = 37 and 1c, n = 153) rated that image (group-level Classification Image, CI), as well as either the inverse image (group-level anti-CI in Study 1b) or base face (in Study 1c), on apology-related characteristics. Results demonstrated that people have a mental representation of an apologetic face, and that sadness is an important feature of this template. To examine similarities between mental representations of apologetic and sad faces, participants in Study 2 generated visual templates of sad faces using reverse correlation (Study 2a, n = 121). New participants (Study 2b, n = 162) were then randomly assigned to rate the averaged face, eyes, and mouths (group-level CIs) as well as the individual visual templates (individual-level CIs) generated from both studies for either how apologetic or sad they appeared. Visual templates of apologetic and sad faces were seen as apologetic, providing evidence of the prominence of sadness in mental representations of apology. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10919-022-00422-5.
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spelling pubmed-98038972023-01-04 A Sorry Excuse for an Apology: Examining People’s Mental Representations of an Apologetic Face George, Meghan Guilfoyle, Joshua R. Steele, Jennifer R. Struthers, C. W. J Nonverbal Behav Original Paper The goal of the current research was to gain an understanding of people’s mental representations of an apologetic face. In Study 1, participants’ responses were used to generate visual templates of apologetic faces through reverse correlation (Study 1a, n = 121), and a new set of participants (Study 1b, n  = 37 and 1c, n = 153) rated that image (group-level Classification Image, CI), as well as either the inverse image (group-level anti-CI in Study 1b) or base face (in Study 1c), on apology-related characteristics. Results demonstrated that people have a mental representation of an apologetic face, and that sadness is an important feature of this template. To examine similarities between mental representations of apologetic and sad faces, participants in Study 2 generated visual templates of sad faces using reverse correlation (Study 2a, n = 121). New participants (Study 2b, n = 162) were then randomly assigned to rate the averaged face, eyes, and mouths (group-level CIs) as well as the individual visual templates (individual-level CIs) generated from both studies for either how apologetic or sad they appeared. Visual templates of apologetic and sad faces were seen as apologetic, providing evidence of the prominence of sadness in mental representations of apology. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10919-022-00422-5. Springer US 2022-12-31 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC9803897/ /pubmed/36619160 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-022-00422-5 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Original Paper
George, Meghan
Guilfoyle, Joshua R.
Steele, Jennifer R.
Struthers, C. W.
A Sorry Excuse for an Apology: Examining People’s Mental Representations of an Apologetic Face
title A Sorry Excuse for an Apology: Examining People’s Mental Representations of an Apologetic Face
title_full A Sorry Excuse for an Apology: Examining People’s Mental Representations of an Apologetic Face
title_fullStr A Sorry Excuse for an Apology: Examining People’s Mental Representations of an Apologetic Face
title_full_unstemmed A Sorry Excuse for an Apology: Examining People’s Mental Representations of an Apologetic Face
title_short A Sorry Excuse for an Apology: Examining People’s Mental Representations of an Apologetic Face
title_sort sorry excuse for an apology: examining people’s mental representations of an apologetic face
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9803897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36619160
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-022-00422-5
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