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Granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants
In higher plants, photosystems II and I are found in grana stacks and unstacked stroma lamellae, respectively. To connect them, electron carriers negotiate tortuous multi‐media paths and are subject to macromolecular blocking. Why does evolution select an apparently unnecessary, inefficient bipartit...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9805053/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35832001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.18371 |
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author | Gu, Lianhong Grodzinski, Bernard Han, Jimei Marie, Telesphore Zhang, Yong‐Jiang Song, Yang C. Sun, Ying |
author_facet | Gu, Lianhong Grodzinski, Bernard Han, Jimei Marie, Telesphore Zhang, Yong‐Jiang Song, Yang C. Sun, Ying |
author_sort | Gu, Lianhong |
collection | PubMed |
description | In higher plants, photosystems II and I are found in grana stacks and unstacked stroma lamellae, respectively. To connect them, electron carriers negotiate tortuous multi‐media paths and are subject to macromolecular blocking. Why does evolution select an apparently unnecessary, inefficient bipartition? Here we systematically explain this perplexing phenomenon. We propose that grana stacks, acting like bellows in accordions, increase the degree of ultrastructural control on photosynthesis through thylakoid swelling/shrinking induced by osmotic water fluxes. This control coordinates with variations in stomatal conductance and the turgor of guard cells, which act like an accordion's air button. Thylakoid ultrastructural dynamics regulate macromolecular blocking/collision probability, direct diffusional pathlengths, division of function of Cytochrome b (6) f complex between linear and cyclic electron transport, luminal pH via osmotic water fluxes, and the separation of pH dynamics between granal and lamellar lumens in response to environmental variations. With the two functionally asymmetrical photosystems located distantly from each other, the ultrastructural control, nonphotochemical quenching, and carbon‐reaction feedbacks maximally cooperate to balance electron transport with gas exchange, provide homeostasis in fluctuating light environments, and protect photosystems in drought. Grana stacks represent a dry/high irradiance adaptation of photosynthetic machinery to improve fitness in challenging land environments. Our theory unifies many well‐known but seemingly unconnected phenomena of thylakoid structure and function in higher plants. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9805053 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98050532023-01-06 Granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants Gu, Lianhong Grodzinski, Bernard Han, Jimei Marie, Telesphore Zhang, Yong‐Jiang Song, Yang C. Sun, Ying New Phytol Forum In higher plants, photosystems II and I are found in grana stacks and unstacked stroma lamellae, respectively. To connect them, electron carriers negotiate tortuous multi‐media paths and are subject to macromolecular blocking. Why does evolution select an apparently unnecessary, inefficient bipartition? Here we systematically explain this perplexing phenomenon. We propose that grana stacks, acting like bellows in accordions, increase the degree of ultrastructural control on photosynthesis through thylakoid swelling/shrinking induced by osmotic water fluxes. This control coordinates with variations in stomatal conductance and the turgor of guard cells, which act like an accordion's air button. Thylakoid ultrastructural dynamics regulate macromolecular blocking/collision probability, direct diffusional pathlengths, division of function of Cytochrome b (6) f complex between linear and cyclic electron transport, luminal pH via osmotic water fluxes, and the separation of pH dynamics between granal and lamellar lumens in response to environmental variations. With the two functionally asymmetrical photosystems located distantly from each other, the ultrastructural control, nonphotochemical quenching, and carbon‐reaction feedbacks maximally cooperate to balance electron transport with gas exchange, provide homeostasis in fluctuating light environments, and protect photosystems in drought. Grana stacks represent a dry/high irradiance adaptation of photosynthetic machinery to improve fitness in challenging land environments. Our theory unifies many well‐known but seemingly unconnected phenomena of thylakoid structure and function in higher plants. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-08-03 2022-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9805053/ /pubmed/35832001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.18371 Text en © 2022 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2022 New Phytologist Foundation. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Forum Gu, Lianhong Grodzinski, Bernard Han, Jimei Marie, Telesphore Zhang, Yong‐Jiang Song, Yang C. Sun, Ying Granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants |
title | Granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants |
title_full | Granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants |
title_fullStr | Granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants |
title_full_unstemmed | Granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants |
title_short | Granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants |
title_sort | granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants |
topic | Forum |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9805053/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35832001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.18371 |
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