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Effects of non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease on intracortical myelin content
BACKGROUND: Non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have lifelong effects on cortical integrity that could be mitigated if identified at early stages. However, it remains unknown whether cortical microstructure is affected in older individuals with non-modifiable AD risk factors and...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9805254/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36587227 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01152-y |
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author | Fernandez-Alvarez, Marina Atienza, Mercedes Cantero, Jose L. |
author_facet | Fernandez-Alvarez, Marina Atienza, Mercedes Cantero, Jose L. |
author_sort | Fernandez-Alvarez, Marina |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have lifelong effects on cortical integrity that could be mitigated if identified at early stages. However, it remains unknown whether cortical microstructure is affected in older individuals with non-modifiable AD risk factors and whether altered cortical tissue integrity produces abnormalities in brain functional networks in this AD-risk population. METHODS: Using relative T1w/T2w (rT1w/T2w) ratio maps, we have compared tissue integrity of normal-appearing cortical GM between controls and cognitively normal older adults with either APOE4 (N = 50), with a first-degree family history (FH) of AD (N = 52), or with the co-occurrence of both AD risk factors (APOE4+FH) (N = 35). Additionally, individuals with only one risk factor (APOE4 or FH) were combined into one group (N = 102) and compared with controls. The same number of controls matched in age, sex, and years of education was employed for each of these comparisons. Group differences in resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) patterns were also investigated, using as FC seeds those cortical regions showing significant changes in rT1w/T2w ratios. RESULTS: Overall, individuals with non-modifiable AD risk factors exhibited significant variations in rT1w/T2w ratios compared to controls, being APOE4 and APOE4+FH at opposite ends of a continuum. The co-occurrence of APOE4 and FH was further accompanied by altered patterns of rs-FC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may have practical implications for early detection of cortical abnormalities in older populations with APOE4 and/or FH of AD and open new avenues to monitor changes in cortical tissue integrity associated with non-modifiable AD risk factors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01152-y. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9805254 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98052542023-01-01 Effects of non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease on intracortical myelin content Fernandez-Alvarez, Marina Atienza, Mercedes Cantero, Jose L. Alzheimers Res Ther Research BACKGROUND: Non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have lifelong effects on cortical integrity that could be mitigated if identified at early stages. However, it remains unknown whether cortical microstructure is affected in older individuals with non-modifiable AD risk factors and whether altered cortical tissue integrity produces abnormalities in brain functional networks in this AD-risk population. METHODS: Using relative T1w/T2w (rT1w/T2w) ratio maps, we have compared tissue integrity of normal-appearing cortical GM between controls and cognitively normal older adults with either APOE4 (N = 50), with a first-degree family history (FH) of AD (N = 52), or with the co-occurrence of both AD risk factors (APOE4+FH) (N = 35). Additionally, individuals with only one risk factor (APOE4 or FH) were combined into one group (N = 102) and compared with controls. The same number of controls matched in age, sex, and years of education was employed for each of these comparisons. Group differences in resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) patterns were also investigated, using as FC seeds those cortical regions showing significant changes in rT1w/T2w ratios. RESULTS: Overall, individuals with non-modifiable AD risk factors exhibited significant variations in rT1w/T2w ratios compared to controls, being APOE4 and APOE4+FH at opposite ends of a continuum. The co-occurrence of APOE4 and FH was further accompanied by altered patterns of rs-FC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may have practical implications for early detection of cortical abnormalities in older populations with APOE4 and/or FH of AD and open new avenues to monitor changes in cortical tissue integrity associated with non-modifiable AD risk factors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01152-y. BioMed Central 2022-12-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9805254/ /pubmed/36587227 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01152-y Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Fernandez-Alvarez, Marina Atienza, Mercedes Cantero, Jose L. Effects of non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease on intracortical myelin content |
title | Effects of non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease on intracortical myelin content |
title_full | Effects of non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease on intracortical myelin content |
title_fullStr | Effects of non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease on intracortical myelin content |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease on intracortical myelin content |
title_short | Effects of non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease on intracortical myelin content |
title_sort | effects of non-modifiable risk factors of alzheimer’s disease on intracortical myelin content |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9805254/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36587227 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01152-y |
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