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Optic neuromyelitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2

Neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune demyelinating astrocytopathy of the central nervous system that primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. It is considered a multifactorial disease associated with antibodies against aquaporin 4, with complement cascade activation and lymphocytic infilt...

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Autores principales: Hernandez-Vega, Melissa, Orozco-Narvaez, Alejandro, Reyes-Vaca, Jorge Guillermo, Rodriguez-Leyva, Ildefonso
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36574993
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-252309
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author Hernandez-Vega, Melissa
Orozco-Narvaez, Alejandro
Reyes-Vaca, Jorge Guillermo
Rodriguez-Leyva, Ildefonso
author_facet Hernandez-Vega, Melissa
Orozco-Narvaez, Alejandro
Reyes-Vaca, Jorge Guillermo
Rodriguez-Leyva, Ildefonso
author_sort Hernandez-Vega, Melissa
collection PubMed
description Neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune demyelinating astrocytopathy of the central nervous system that primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. It is considered a multifactorial disease associated with antibodies against aquaporin 4, with complement cascade activation and lymphocytic infiltration leading to axonal loss and causing significant morbidity and disability. In addition, cases of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system have been described after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, mainly acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Also, a few cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, mostly aquaporin 4+, have been reported. We describe a patient who developed symptoms suggestive of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis the next day after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Three months later, a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis compatible with aquaporin 4+ neuromyelitis optica was successfully treated with an interleukin 6 inhibitor. There is no proven association and research is needed to establish whether optic neuromyelitis is related to vaccination; this is a single case report from which no conclusion can be drawn.
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spelling pubmed-98060422023-01-03 Optic neuromyelitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Hernandez-Vega, Melissa Orozco-Narvaez, Alejandro Reyes-Vaca, Jorge Guillermo Rodriguez-Leyva, Ildefonso BMJ Case Rep Case Reports: Rare disease Neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune demyelinating astrocytopathy of the central nervous system that primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. It is considered a multifactorial disease associated with antibodies against aquaporin 4, with complement cascade activation and lymphocytic infiltration leading to axonal loss and causing significant morbidity and disability. In addition, cases of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system have been described after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, mainly acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Also, a few cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, mostly aquaporin 4+, have been reported. We describe a patient who developed symptoms suggestive of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis the next day after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Three months later, a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis compatible with aquaporin 4+ neuromyelitis optica was successfully treated with an interleukin 6 inhibitor. There is no proven association and research is needed to establish whether optic neuromyelitis is related to vaccination; this is a single case report from which no conclusion can be drawn. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-12-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9806042/ /pubmed/36574993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-252309 Text en © BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
spellingShingle Case Reports: Rare disease
Hernandez-Vega, Melissa
Orozco-Narvaez, Alejandro
Reyes-Vaca, Jorge Guillermo
Rodriguez-Leyva, Ildefonso
Optic neuromyelitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
title Optic neuromyelitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
title_full Optic neuromyelitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
title_fullStr Optic neuromyelitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
title_full_unstemmed Optic neuromyelitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
title_short Optic neuromyelitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
title_sort optic neuromyelitis after vaccination against sars-cov-2
topic Case Reports: Rare disease
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36574993
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-252309
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