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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: The master regulator of immune responses in allergic diseases

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a widely studied ligand-activated cytosolic transcriptional factor that has been associated with the initiation and progression of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancers, metabolic syndromes, and allergies. Generally, AhR responds and binds to...

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Autores principales: Riaz, Farooq, Pan, Fan, Wei, Ping
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36601108
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057555
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author Riaz, Farooq
Pan, Fan
Wei, Ping
author_facet Riaz, Farooq
Pan, Fan
Wei, Ping
author_sort Riaz, Farooq
collection PubMed
description The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a widely studied ligand-activated cytosolic transcriptional factor that has been associated with the initiation and progression of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancers, metabolic syndromes, and allergies. Generally, AhR responds and binds to environmental toxins/ligands, dietary ligands, and allergens to regulate toxicological, biological, cellular responses. In a canonical signaling manner, activation of AhR is responsible for the increase in cytochrome P450 enzymes which help individuals to degrade and metabolize these environmental toxins and ligands. However, canonical signaling cannot be applied to all the effects mediated by AhR. Recent findings indicate that activation of AhR signaling also interacts with some non-canonical factors like Kruppel-like-factor-6 (KLF6) or estrogen-receptor-alpha (Erα) to affect the expression of downstream genes. Meanwhile, enormous research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of AhR signaling on innate and adaptive immunity. It has been shown that AhR exerts numerous effects on mast cells, B cells, macrophages, antigen-presenting cells (APCs), Th1/Th2 cell balance, Th17, and regulatory T cells, thus, playing a significant role in allergens-induced diseases. This review discussed how AhR mediates immune responses in allergic diseases. Meanwhile, we believe that understanding the role of AhR in immune responses will enhance our knowledge of AhR-mediated immune regulation in allergic diseases. Also, it will help researchers to understand the role of AhR in regulating immune responses in autoimmune diseases, cancers, metabolic syndromes, and infectious diseases.
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spelling pubmed-98062172023-01-03 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: The master regulator of immune responses in allergic diseases Riaz, Farooq Pan, Fan Wei, Ping Front Immunol Immunology The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a widely studied ligand-activated cytosolic transcriptional factor that has been associated with the initiation and progression of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancers, metabolic syndromes, and allergies. Generally, AhR responds and binds to environmental toxins/ligands, dietary ligands, and allergens to regulate toxicological, biological, cellular responses. In a canonical signaling manner, activation of AhR is responsible for the increase in cytochrome P450 enzymes which help individuals to degrade and metabolize these environmental toxins and ligands. However, canonical signaling cannot be applied to all the effects mediated by AhR. Recent findings indicate that activation of AhR signaling also interacts with some non-canonical factors like Kruppel-like-factor-6 (KLF6) or estrogen-receptor-alpha (Erα) to affect the expression of downstream genes. Meanwhile, enormous research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of AhR signaling on innate and adaptive immunity. It has been shown that AhR exerts numerous effects on mast cells, B cells, macrophages, antigen-presenting cells (APCs), Th1/Th2 cell balance, Th17, and regulatory T cells, thus, playing a significant role in allergens-induced diseases. This review discussed how AhR mediates immune responses in allergic diseases. Meanwhile, we believe that understanding the role of AhR in immune responses will enhance our knowledge of AhR-mediated immune regulation in allergic diseases. Also, it will help researchers to understand the role of AhR in regulating immune responses in autoimmune diseases, cancers, metabolic syndromes, and infectious diseases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9806217/ /pubmed/36601108 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057555 Text en Copyright © 2022 Riaz, Pan and Wei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Riaz, Farooq
Pan, Fan
Wei, Ping
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: The master regulator of immune responses in allergic diseases
title Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: The master regulator of immune responses in allergic diseases
title_full Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: The master regulator of immune responses in allergic diseases
title_fullStr Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: The master regulator of immune responses in allergic diseases
title_full_unstemmed Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: The master regulator of immune responses in allergic diseases
title_short Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: The master regulator of immune responses in allergic diseases
title_sort aryl hydrocarbon receptor: the master regulator of immune responses in allergic diseases
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36601108
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057555
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