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Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players
BACKGROUND: Patterns of cognitive impairment in former American football players are uncertain because objective neuropsychological data are lacking. This study characterized the neuropsychological test performance of former college and professional football players. METHODS: One hundred seventy mal...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9808953/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36597138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01147-9 |
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author | Alosco, Michael L. Barr, William B. Banks, Sarah J. Wethe, Jennifer V. Miller, Justin B. Pulukuri, Surya Vamsi Culhane, Julia Tripodis, Yorghos Adler, Charles H. Balcer, Laura J. Bernick, Charles Mariani, Megan L. Cantu, Robert C. Dodick, David W. McClean, Michael D. Au, Rhoda Mez, Jesse Turner, Robert W. Palmisano, Joseph N. Martin, Brett Hartlage, Kaitlin Cummings, Jeffrey L. Reiman, Eric M. Shenton, Martha E. Stern, Robert A. |
author_facet | Alosco, Michael L. Barr, William B. Banks, Sarah J. Wethe, Jennifer V. Miller, Justin B. Pulukuri, Surya Vamsi Culhane, Julia Tripodis, Yorghos Adler, Charles H. Balcer, Laura J. Bernick, Charles Mariani, Megan L. Cantu, Robert C. Dodick, David W. McClean, Michael D. Au, Rhoda Mez, Jesse Turner, Robert W. Palmisano, Joseph N. Martin, Brett Hartlage, Kaitlin Cummings, Jeffrey L. Reiman, Eric M. Shenton, Martha E. Stern, Robert A. |
author_sort | Alosco, Michael L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Patterns of cognitive impairment in former American football players are uncertain because objective neuropsychological data are lacking. This study characterized the neuropsychological test performance of former college and professional football players. METHODS: One hundred seventy male former football players (n=111 professional, n=59 college; 45–74 years) completed a neuropsychological test battery. Raw scores were converted to T-scores using age, sex, and education-adjusted normative data. A T-score ≤ 35 defined impairment. A domain was impaired if 2+ scores fell in the impaired range except for the language and visuospatial domains due to the limited number of tests. RESULTS: Most football players had subjective cognitive concerns. On testing, rates of impairments were greatest for memory (21.2% two tests impaired), especially for recall of unstructured (44.7%) versus structured verbal stimuli (18.8%); 51.8% had one test impaired. 7.1% evidenced impaired executive functions; however, 20.6% had impaired Trail Making Test B. 12.1% evidenced impairments in the attention, visual scanning, and psychomotor speed domain with frequent impairments on Trail Making Test A (18.8%). Other common impairments were on measures of language (i.e., Multilingual Naming Test [21.2%], Animal Fluency [17.1%]) and working memory (Number Span Backward [14.7%]). Impairments on our tasks of visuospatial functions were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of former football players (most of whom had subjective cognitive concerns), there were diffuse impairments on neuropsychological testing with verbal memory being the most frequently impaired domain. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01147-9. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9808953 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98089532023-01-04 Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players Alosco, Michael L. Barr, William B. Banks, Sarah J. Wethe, Jennifer V. Miller, Justin B. Pulukuri, Surya Vamsi Culhane, Julia Tripodis, Yorghos Adler, Charles H. Balcer, Laura J. Bernick, Charles Mariani, Megan L. Cantu, Robert C. Dodick, David W. McClean, Michael D. Au, Rhoda Mez, Jesse Turner, Robert W. Palmisano, Joseph N. Martin, Brett Hartlage, Kaitlin Cummings, Jeffrey L. Reiman, Eric M. Shenton, Martha E. Stern, Robert A. Alzheimers Res Ther Research BACKGROUND: Patterns of cognitive impairment in former American football players are uncertain because objective neuropsychological data are lacking. This study characterized the neuropsychological test performance of former college and professional football players. METHODS: One hundred seventy male former football players (n=111 professional, n=59 college; 45–74 years) completed a neuropsychological test battery. Raw scores were converted to T-scores using age, sex, and education-adjusted normative data. A T-score ≤ 35 defined impairment. A domain was impaired if 2+ scores fell in the impaired range except for the language and visuospatial domains due to the limited number of tests. RESULTS: Most football players had subjective cognitive concerns. On testing, rates of impairments were greatest for memory (21.2% two tests impaired), especially for recall of unstructured (44.7%) versus structured verbal stimuli (18.8%); 51.8% had one test impaired. 7.1% evidenced impaired executive functions; however, 20.6% had impaired Trail Making Test B. 12.1% evidenced impairments in the attention, visual scanning, and psychomotor speed domain with frequent impairments on Trail Making Test A (18.8%). Other common impairments were on measures of language (i.e., Multilingual Naming Test [21.2%], Animal Fluency [17.1%]) and working memory (Number Span Backward [14.7%]). Impairments on our tasks of visuospatial functions were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of former football players (most of whom had subjective cognitive concerns), there were diffuse impairments on neuropsychological testing with verbal memory being the most frequently impaired domain. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01147-9. BioMed Central 2023-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9808953/ /pubmed/36597138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01147-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Alosco, Michael L. Barr, William B. Banks, Sarah J. Wethe, Jennifer V. Miller, Justin B. Pulukuri, Surya Vamsi Culhane, Julia Tripodis, Yorghos Adler, Charles H. Balcer, Laura J. Bernick, Charles Mariani, Megan L. Cantu, Robert C. Dodick, David W. McClean, Michael D. Au, Rhoda Mez, Jesse Turner, Robert W. Palmisano, Joseph N. Martin, Brett Hartlage, Kaitlin Cummings, Jeffrey L. Reiman, Eric M. Shenton, Martha E. Stern, Robert A. Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players |
title | Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players |
title_full | Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players |
title_fullStr | Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players |
title_short | Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players |
title_sort | neuropsychological test performance of former american football players |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9808953/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36597138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01147-9 |
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