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Effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, blood metabolites, and the intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is a potential non-food protein source for fishmeal replacement in fish feed. However, a high inclusion level of CPC in diets may have adverse effects on the metabolism and health of carnivorous fish. This study aimed to investigate CPC as a fishmeal alternative...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9811179/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36618404 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079677 |
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author | Liu, Yang Ma, Shuwei Lv, Weihua Shi, Honghe Qiu, Guangwen Chang, Hongmiao Lu, Shaoxia Wang, Di Wang, Changan Han, Shicheng Liu, Hongbai |
author_facet | Liu, Yang Ma, Shuwei Lv, Weihua Shi, Honghe Qiu, Guangwen Chang, Hongmiao Lu, Shaoxia Wang, Di Wang, Changan Han, Shicheng Liu, Hongbai |
author_sort | Liu, Yang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is a potential non-food protein source for fishmeal replacement in fish feed. However, a high inclusion level of CPC in diets may have adverse effects on the metabolism and health of carnivorous fish. This study aimed to investigate CPC as a fishmeal alternative in the diet of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss based on growth performance, blood metabolites, and intestinal health. Five isonitrogenous (46% crude protein) and isolipidic (16% crude lipid) diets were formulated: a control diet (30% fishmeal) and four experimental diets with substitution of fishmeal by CPC at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. A total of 600 fish (mean body weight 11.24g) were hand-fed the five formulated diets to apparent satiation for eight weeks. The results showed no adverse effects on growth performance when 75% dietary fishmeal was replaced by CPC. However, reduced growth and feed intake were observed in rainbow trout fed a fishmeal-free diet based on CPC (CPC100%). Changes in serum metabolites were also observed in CPC100% compared with the control group, including an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alterations in free amino acids, and reductions in cholesterol metabolism. In addition, the CPC-based diet resulted in reduced intestinal trypsin, decreased villus height and width in the distal intestine, upregulated mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the intestine, and impaired gut microbiota with reduced bacterial diversity and decreased abundance of Bacillaceae compared with the control group. The findings suggest that the optimum substitution rate of dietary fishmeal by CPC for rainbow trout should be less than 75%. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9811179 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98111792023-01-05 Effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, blood metabolites, and the intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Liu, Yang Ma, Shuwei Lv, Weihua Shi, Honghe Qiu, Guangwen Chang, Hongmiao Lu, Shaoxia Wang, Di Wang, Changan Han, Shicheng Liu, Hongbai Front Immunol Immunology Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is a potential non-food protein source for fishmeal replacement in fish feed. However, a high inclusion level of CPC in diets may have adverse effects on the metabolism and health of carnivorous fish. This study aimed to investigate CPC as a fishmeal alternative in the diet of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss based on growth performance, blood metabolites, and intestinal health. Five isonitrogenous (46% crude protein) and isolipidic (16% crude lipid) diets were formulated: a control diet (30% fishmeal) and four experimental diets with substitution of fishmeal by CPC at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. A total of 600 fish (mean body weight 11.24g) were hand-fed the five formulated diets to apparent satiation for eight weeks. The results showed no adverse effects on growth performance when 75% dietary fishmeal was replaced by CPC. However, reduced growth and feed intake were observed in rainbow trout fed a fishmeal-free diet based on CPC (CPC100%). Changes in serum metabolites were also observed in CPC100% compared with the control group, including an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alterations in free amino acids, and reductions in cholesterol metabolism. In addition, the CPC-based diet resulted in reduced intestinal trypsin, decreased villus height and width in the distal intestine, upregulated mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the intestine, and impaired gut microbiota with reduced bacterial diversity and decreased abundance of Bacillaceae compared with the control group. The findings suggest that the optimum substitution rate of dietary fishmeal by CPC for rainbow trout should be less than 75%. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9811179/ /pubmed/36618404 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079677 Text en Copyright © 2022 Liu, Ma, Lv, Shi, Qiu, Chang, Lu, Wang, Wang, Han and Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Liu, Yang Ma, Shuwei Lv, Weihua Shi, Honghe Qiu, Guangwen Chang, Hongmiao Lu, Shaoxia Wang, Di Wang, Changan Han, Shicheng Liu, Hongbai Effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, blood metabolites, and the intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
title | Effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, blood metabolites, and the intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
title_full | Effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, blood metabolites, and the intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
title_fullStr | Effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, blood metabolites, and the intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, blood metabolites, and the intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
title_short | Effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, blood metabolites, and the intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
title_sort | effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, blood metabolites, and the intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9811179/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36618404 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079677 |
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