Prognostic biomarkers correlated with immune infiltration in non‐small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in men and women globally. Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent subtype, accounting for 85–90% of all cancers. Although there have been dramatic advances in therapeutic approaches in recent decades, the recurrence and metastasis rates of NSCLC are as high as 30–40% with the 5‐year overall survival rate being less than 15%. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the pathogenesis of NSCLC at the genetic level and identify prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Here, we aimed to identify mutated genes with high frequencies in Chinese NSCLC patients using next‐generation sequencing and to investigate their relationships with the tumor mutation burden (TMB) and tumor immune microenvironment. A total of 110 NSCLC patients were enrolled to profile the genetic variations. Mutations in EGFR (62.37%), TP53 (61.29%), LRP1B (13.98%), FAT1 (12.90%), KMT2D (11.83%), CREBBP (10.75%), and RB1 (9.68%) were most prevalent. TP53, LRP1B, KMT2D, and CREBBP mutations were all significantly associated with high TMB (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The infiltrating levels of immune cells and immune molecules were enriched significantly in the LRP1B mutation group. LRP1B mutations significantly correlated with stimulating and inhibitory immunoregulators. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that cell cycle, the Notch signaling pathway, the insulin signaling pathway, and the mTOR signaling pathway are related to LRP1B mutations in the immune system. LRP1B mutations may be of clinical importance in enhancing the anti‐tumor immune response and may be a promising biomarker for predicting immunotherapy responsiveness.