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Introduction of a PRRSV-1 strain of increased virulence in a pig production structure in Spain: virus evolution and impact on production
BACKGROUND: A strain of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), showing characteristics of enhanced virulence, affected a pyramidal production system from Spain with 7600 sows in 4 genetic nuclei and 13,000 sows in multipliers. Different PRRSV strains circulating in this product...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9811746/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36597152 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40813-022-00298-3 |
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author | Martín-Valls, Gerard E. Cortey, Martí Allepuz, Alberto Illas, Francesc Tello, Montserrat Mateu, Enric |
author_facet | Martín-Valls, Gerard E. Cortey, Martí Allepuz, Alberto Illas, Francesc Tello, Montserrat Mateu, Enric |
author_sort | Martín-Valls, Gerard E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: A strain of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), showing characteristics of enhanced virulence, affected a pyramidal production system from Spain with 7600 sows in 4 genetic nuclei and 13,000 sows in multipliers. Different PRRSV strains circulating in this production system from December 2020 to October 2021 were detected and sequenced. The spread of each isolate was examined and their impact on health and production in three of the affected farms was evaluated. RESULTS: The newly emerged PRRSV isolate with enhanced virulence entered the system before the onset of the study (January 2020) and afterwards four significantly different clades were detected during the study period in different farms, probably because of independent introduction events. The diversification of the enhanced virulence strain was higher for those clades (substitution rates up to 1.1% nucleotides/year) compared to other PRRSV strains present in the production system (up to 0.17%), suggesting a faster spread and adaptation. The impact of the infection in the first affected farm was dramatic, with an average abortion rate above 27% during 17 weeks before returning to the baseline production. Fertile sow mortality reached 6.5% for 39 weeks. In two farms infected later by other clades of this enhanced virulence strain, the impact was less acute; despite the fact that for parameters such as the proportion of stillbirths or mummies, more than 10 months were needed to recover pre-outbreak values. In the examined nurseries, mortalities reached peaks between 28 and 50% and several months were needed to return to normality. CONCLUSION: Introduction of a PRRSV strain of enhanced virulence in a production system where several farms were previously positive for other PRRSV strains, resulted in a fast spread such as would be observed in naïve farms. The productive and health impact was very high taking several months to return to normality. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40813-022-00298-3. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9811746 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98117462023-01-05 Introduction of a PRRSV-1 strain of increased virulence in a pig production structure in Spain: virus evolution and impact on production Martín-Valls, Gerard E. Cortey, Martí Allepuz, Alberto Illas, Francesc Tello, Montserrat Mateu, Enric Porcine Health Manag Research BACKGROUND: A strain of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), showing characteristics of enhanced virulence, affected a pyramidal production system from Spain with 7600 sows in 4 genetic nuclei and 13,000 sows in multipliers. Different PRRSV strains circulating in this production system from December 2020 to October 2021 were detected and sequenced. The spread of each isolate was examined and their impact on health and production in three of the affected farms was evaluated. RESULTS: The newly emerged PRRSV isolate with enhanced virulence entered the system before the onset of the study (January 2020) and afterwards four significantly different clades were detected during the study period in different farms, probably because of independent introduction events. The diversification of the enhanced virulence strain was higher for those clades (substitution rates up to 1.1% nucleotides/year) compared to other PRRSV strains present in the production system (up to 0.17%), suggesting a faster spread and adaptation. The impact of the infection in the first affected farm was dramatic, with an average abortion rate above 27% during 17 weeks before returning to the baseline production. Fertile sow mortality reached 6.5% for 39 weeks. In two farms infected later by other clades of this enhanced virulence strain, the impact was less acute; despite the fact that for parameters such as the proportion of stillbirths or mummies, more than 10 months were needed to recover pre-outbreak values. In the examined nurseries, mortalities reached peaks between 28 and 50% and several months were needed to return to normality. CONCLUSION: Introduction of a PRRSV strain of enhanced virulence in a production system where several farms were previously positive for other PRRSV strains, resulted in a fast spread such as would be observed in naïve farms. The productive and health impact was very high taking several months to return to normality. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40813-022-00298-3. BioMed Central 2023-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9811746/ /pubmed/36597152 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40813-022-00298-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Martín-Valls, Gerard E. Cortey, Martí Allepuz, Alberto Illas, Francesc Tello, Montserrat Mateu, Enric Introduction of a PRRSV-1 strain of increased virulence in a pig production structure in Spain: virus evolution and impact on production |
title | Introduction of a PRRSV-1 strain of increased virulence in a pig production structure in Spain: virus evolution and impact on production |
title_full | Introduction of a PRRSV-1 strain of increased virulence in a pig production structure in Spain: virus evolution and impact on production |
title_fullStr | Introduction of a PRRSV-1 strain of increased virulence in a pig production structure in Spain: virus evolution and impact on production |
title_full_unstemmed | Introduction of a PRRSV-1 strain of increased virulence in a pig production structure in Spain: virus evolution and impact on production |
title_short | Introduction of a PRRSV-1 strain of increased virulence in a pig production structure in Spain: virus evolution and impact on production |
title_sort | introduction of a prrsv-1 strain of increased virulence in a pig production structure in spain: virus evolution and impact on production |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9811746/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36597152 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40813-022-00298-3 |
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