The Accuracy of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Abdominal Computed Tomography to Predict the Severity of Acute Cholecystitis

Background In this study, we evaluated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans in preoperative patients of acute cholecystitis (AC) and their significance in differentiating between severe and non-severe conditions. This study will help further in-depth investigation on both of these diagnostic modalities and timely assess severe AC to avoid the worst prognosis. Methodology This single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Villupuram Medical College from July 2021 to January 2022. We enrolled patients aged >18 years diagnosed with AC. The demographic variables and clinical features of the enrolled patients were collected. All enrolled patients were divided into two categories (severe or non-severe AC) based on the pathological and clinical findings. The data were collected and entered in SPSS Statistics version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The variation between the severe and non-severe AC groups was compared using Student’s t-test to analyze continuous variables. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between the categorical variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results Among patients with severe AC, 29 (72.5%) were female, 29 (72.5%) were aged >50 years, 34 (85%) were alcoholics, and 26 (65%) were smokers. In patients with severe AC, the mean for NLR was 18.6500 ± 2.32655. On CT scans, 29 (72.5%) patients showed gallbladder distension, 31 (77.5%) showed increased pericholecystic fat stranding, and 18 (45%) showed pericholecystic fluid collection. CT scan findings and NLR values were significantly associated. Conclusions Gallbladder distension, increased pericholecystic fat stranding, and pericholecystic fluid collection on abdominal CT scan along with raised NLR are significant findings associated with assessing the severity of AC. Therefore, both testing modalities (CT scan and NLR) should be utilized together in hospitals to achieve better outcomes for AC and avoid complications.