Effect of Preoperative Duloxetine Hydrochloride on Reducing Postoperative Morphine Requirement after Open Radical Cholecystectomy in Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study

BACKGROUND: Recently, opoids are linked with cancer recurrence. Duloxetine hydrochloride (DH), an anxiolytic may reduce total opoid requirement after cancer surgery. AIMS: We assessed the efficacy of a single dose of DH in reducing the total morphine requirement after open radical cholecystectomy. We also calculated the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, patient satisfaction score (PSS), and time taken to the use of the first rescue analgesic. SETTING AND DESIGNES: This is a prospective, randomized, double blind, controlled study conducted in the patients aged 20–70 years (American Society of Anaesthesiologists classes I–III) undergoing open radical cholecystectomy under general anesthesia for carcinoma gall bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups of 32 patients each by computer-generated randomization. Group A received oral DH (60 mg); Group B received identical placebo capsules 2 h before surgery with a sip of water. Postoperatively, intravenous morphine was given using a patient-controlled analgesia pump. After 24 h, total morphine consumption, the VAS score, time to the first rescue analgesia, and PSS were recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS version 22.0, IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA 2013). P value < 0.05 or 0.001 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The total morphine consumption and VAS score were significantly lower in Group A. No significant effects was observed on PSS. CONCLUSION: A single 60 mg dose of DH administered 2 h before open radical cholecystectomy reduced total morphine consumption and improved VAS score postoperatively with no effect on PSS.