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A CFD study on the interplay of torsion and vortex guidance by the mitral valve on the left ventricular wash-out making use of overset meshes (Chimera technique)

Cardiovascular disease often occurs with silent and gradual alterations of cardiac blood flow that can lead to the onset of chronic pathological conditions. Image-based patient-specific Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models allow for an extensive quantification of the flow field beyond the direc...

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Autores principales: Canè, Federico, Delcour, Lucas, Luigi Redaelli, Alberto Cesare, Segers, Patrick, Degroote, Joris
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9814007/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36619345
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmedt.2022.1018058
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author Canè, Federico
Delcour, Lucas
Luigi Redaelli, Alberto Cesare
Segers, Patrick
Degroote, Joris
author_facet Canè, Federico
Delcour, Lucas
Luigi Redaelli, Alberto Cesare
Segers, Patrick
Degroote, Joris
author_sort Canè, Federico
collection PubMed
description Cardiovascular disease often occurs with silent and gradual alterations of cardiac blood flow that can lead to the onset of chronic pathological conditions. Image-based patient-specific Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models allow for an extensive quantification of the flow field beyond the direct capabilities of medical imaging techniques that could support the clinicians in the early diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment planning of patients. Nonetheless, the large and impulsive kinematics of the left ventricle (LV) and the mitral valve (MV) pose relevant modeling challenges. Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods struggle with the complex 3D mesh handling of rapidly moving valve leaflets within the left ventricle (LV). We, therefore, developed a Chimera-based (overset meshing) method to build a patient-specific 3D CFD model of the beating LV which includes a patient-inspired kinematic model of the mitral valve (LVMV). Simulations were performed with and without torsion. In addition, to evaluate how the intracardiac LV flow is impacted by the MV leaflet kinematics, a third version of the model without the MV was generated (LV with torsion). For all model versions, six cardiac cycles were simulated. All simulations demonstrated cycle-to-cycle variations that persisted after six cycles but were albeit marginal in terms of the magnitude of standard deviation of velocity and vorticity which may be related to the dissipative nature of the numerical scheme used. The MV was found to have a crucial role in the development of the intraventricular flow by enhancing the direct flow, the apical washout, and the propagation of the inlet jet towards the apical region. Consequently, the MV is an essential feature in the patient-specific CFD modeling of the LV. The impact of torsion was marginal on velocity, vorticity, wall shear stress, and energy loss, whereas it resulted to be significant in the evaluation of particle residence times. Therefore, including torsion could be considered in patient-specific CFD models of the LV, particularly when aiming to study stasis and residence time. We conclude that, despite some technical limitations encountered, the Chimera technique is a promising alternative for ALE methods for 3D CFD models of the heart that include the motion of valve leaflets.
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spelling pubmed-98140072023-01-06 A CFD study on the interplay of torsion and vortex guidance by the mitral valve on the left ventricular wash-out making use of overset meshes (Chimera technique) Canè, Federico Delcour, Lucas Luigi Redaelli, Alberto Cesare Segers, Patrick Degroote, Joris Front Med Technol Medical Technology Cardiovascular disease often occurs with silent and gradual alterations of cardiac blood flow that can lead to the onset of chronic pathological conditions. Image-based patient-specific Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models allow for an extensive quantification of the flow field beyond the direct capabilities of medical imaging techniques that could support the clinicians in the early diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment planning of patients. Nonetheless, the large and impulsive kinematics of the left ventricle (LV) and the mitral valve (MV) pose relevant modeling challenges. Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods struggle with the complex 3D mesh handling of rapidly moving valve leaflets within the left ventricle (LV). We, therefore, developed a Chimera-based (overset meshing) method to build a patient-specific 3D CFD model of the beating LV which includes a patient-inspired kinematic model of the mitral valve (LVMV). Simulations were performed with and without torsion. In addition, to evaluate how the intracardiac LV flow is impacted by the MV leaflet kinematics, a third version of the model without the MV was generated (LV with torsion). For all model versions, six cardiac cycles were simulated. All simulations demonstrated cycle-to-cycle variations that persisted after six cycles but were albeit marginal in terms of the magnitude of standard deviation of velocity and vorticity which may be related to the dissipative nature of the numerical scheme used. The MV was found to have a crucial role in the development of the intraventricular flow by enhancing the direct flow, the apical washout, and the propagation of the inlet jet towards the apical region. Consequently, the MV is an essential feature in the patient-specific CFD modeling of the LV. The impact of torsion was marginal on velocity, vorticity, wall shear stress, and energy loss, whereas it resulted to be significant in the evaluation of particle residence times. Therefore, including torsion could be considered in patient-specific CFD models of the LV, particularly when aiming to study stasis and residence time. We conclude that, despite some technical limitations encountered, the Chimera technique is a promising alternative for ALE methods for 3D CFD models of the heart that include the motion of valve leaflets. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9814007/ /pubmed/36619345 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmedt.2022.1018058 Text en © 2022 Canè, Delcour, Luigi Redaelli, Segers and Degroote. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medical Technology
Canè, Federico
Delcour, Lucas
Luigi Redaelli, Alberto Cesare
Segers, Patrick
Degroote, Joris
A CFD study on the interplay of torsion and vortex guidance by the mitral valve on the left ventricular wash-out making use of overset meshes (Chimera technique)
title A CFD study on the interplay of torsion and vortex guidance by the mitral valve on the left ventricular wash-out making use of overset meshes (Chimera technique)
title_full A CFD study on the interplay of torsion and vortex guidance by the mitral valve on the left ventricular wash-out making use of overset meshes (Chimera technique)
title_fullStr A CFD study on the interplay of torsion and vortex guidance by the mitral valve on the left ventricular wash-out making use of overset meshes (Chimera technique)
title_full_unstemmed A CFD study on the interplay of torsion and vortex guidance by the mitral valve on the left ventricular wash-out making use of overset meshes (Chimera technique)
title_short A CFD study on the interplay of torsion and vortex guidance by the mitral valve on the left ventricular wash-out making use of overset meshes (Chimera technique)
title_sort cfd study on the interplay of torsion and vortex guidance by the mitral valve on the left ventricular wash-out making use of overset meshes (chimera technique)
topic Medical Technology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9814007/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36619345
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmedt.2022.1018058
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