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Multi-Valvular Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Causing Sequential Pulmonary Embolism, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke: A Case Report and Literature Review

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis is an uncommon entity that tends to be related to malignancy or rheumatological disorders. The diagnosis is complex and requires a high index of suspicion. It commonly causes recurrent emboli; however, coronary embolism remains an infrequently reported entity. H...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Karameh, Mutaz, Golomb, Mordechai, Arad, Ariela, Kalmnovich, Guy, Herzog, Eyal
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9815786/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36620810
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32261
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author Karameh, Mutaz
Golomb, Mordechai
Arad, Ariela
Kalmnovich, Guy
Herzog, Eyal
author_facet Karameh, Mutaz
Golomb, Mordechai
Arad, Ariela
Kalmnovich, Guy
Herzog, Eyal
author_sort Karameh, Mutaz
collection PubMed
description Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis is an uncommon entity that tends to be related to malignancy or rheumatological disorders. The diagnosis is complex and requires a high index of suspicion. It commonly causes recurrent emboli; however, coronary embolism remains an infrequently reported entity. Herein we report a unique case of sequential pulmonary embolism, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke associated with multi-valvular non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. The cornerstone of management is treating the underlying cause and anticoagulation therapy. Surgical treatment should be considered in patients with acute heart failure secondary to valvular dysfunction and recurrent thromboembolism despite proper anticoagulation. We have performed an extensive literature search and found nine cases of established antemortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction secondary to non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis, and we reviewed them according to cause, treatment, and outcome.
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spelling pubmed-98157862023-01-06 Multi-Valvular Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Causing Sequential Pulmonary Embolism, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke: A Case Report and Literature Review Karameh, Mutaz Golomb, Mordechai Arad, Ariela Kalmnovich, Guy Herzog, Eyal Cureus Cardiology Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis is an uncommon entity that tends to be related to malignancy or rheumatological disorders. The diagnosis is complex and requires a high index of suspicion. It commonly causes recurrent emboli; however, coronary embolism remains an infrequently reported entity. Herein we report a unique case of sequential pulmonary embolism, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke associated with multi-valvular non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. The cornerstone of management is treating the underlying cause and anticoagulation therapy. Surgical treatment should be considered in patients with acute heart failure secondary to valvular dysfunction and recurrent thromboembolism despite proper anticoagulation. We have performed an extensive literature search and found nine cases of established antemortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction secondary to non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis, and we reviewed them according to cause, treatment, and outcome. Cureus 2022-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9815786/ /pubmed/36620810 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32261 Text en Copyright © 2022, Karameh et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Cardiology
Karameh, Mutaz
Golomb, Mordechai
Arad, Ariela
Kalmnovich, Guy
Herzog, Eyal
Multi-Valvular Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Causing Sequential Pulmonary Embolism, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke: A Case Report and Literature Review
title Multi-Valvular Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Causing Sequential Pulmonary Embolism, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_full Multi-Valvular Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Causing Sequential Pulmonary Embolism, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_fullStr Multi-Valvular Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Causing Sequential Pulmonary Embolism, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Multi-Valvular Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Causing Sequential Pulmonary Embolism, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_short Multi-Valvular Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Causing Sequential Pulmonary Embolism, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_sort multi-valvular non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis causing sequential pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke: a case report and literature review
topic Cardiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9815786/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36620810
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32261
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