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What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?
PURPOSE: Most of the existing studies did not explicitly focus on the oldest old who are at high risk of functional impairment. Moreover, some potential risk factors (such as financial poverty) of functional impairment have been neglected so far. Thus, our aim was to clarify the determinants (with a...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9815796/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36619629 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1092775 |
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author | Hajek, André König, Hans-Helmut |
author_facet | Hajek, André König, Hans-Helmut |
author_sort | Hajek, André |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: Most of the existing studies did not explicitly focus on the oldest old who are at high risk of functional impairment. Moreover, some potential risk factors (such as financial poverty) of functional impairment have been neglected so far. Thus, our aim was to clarify the determinants (with a particular emphasis on financial poverty) of functional impairment exclusively among the oldest old. METHODS: Data were taken from the “Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80+)” – a representative sample of individuals ≥80 years (community-dwelling and in institutionalized settings) in North Rhine-Westphalia (n = 1,863, average age was 86.5 years, ranging from 80 to 102 years). Common tools were used to quantify functional impairment. In regression analysis, these determinants were included: sex, age, marital status, educational level, income poverty, asset poverty, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and the number of chronic conditions. RESULTS: Multiple linear regressions showed that higher functional impairment was associated with being female (ADL, β = 0.06, p < 0.01; IADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.01), higher age (ADL, β = 0.02, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.04, p < 0.001), low education (compared to high education: IADL, β = −0.10, p < 0.05), the presence of income poverty (ADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.05; IADL, β = 0.16, p < 0.01), more depressive symptoms (ADL, β = 0.12, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.14, p < 0.001), higher cognitive impairment (ADL, β = −0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = −0.06, p < 0.001), and a higher number of chronic conditions (ADL, β = 0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.05, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Several determinants of functional impairment among the oldest old have been identified (i.e., being female, higher age, low education, presence of income poverty, more depressive symptoms, higher cognitive impairment, and more chronic conditions). Such knowledge (e.g., regarding the association between income poverty and functional impairment) may assist in characterizing individuals aged 80 years and over at high risk for functional impairment. Ultimately, such knowledge may help to design specific interventions for high risk groups. Moreover, such knowledge may enrich the research areas addressing inequalities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9815796 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98157962023-01-06 What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old? Hajek, André König, Hans-Helmut Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine PURPOSE: Most of the existing studies did not explicitly focus on the oldest old who are at high risk of functional impairment. Moreover, some potential risk factors (such as financial poverty) of functional impairment have been neglected so far. Thus, our aim was to clarify the determinants (with a particular emphasis on financial poverty) of functional impairment exclusively among the oldest old. METHODS: Data were taken from the “Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80+)” – a representative sample of individuals ≥80 years (community-dwelling and in institutionalized settings) in North Rhine-Westphalia (n = 1,863, average age was 86.5 years, ranging from 80 to 102 years). Common tools were used to quantify functional impairment. In regression analysis, these determinants were included: sex, age, marital status, educational level, income poverty, asset poverty, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and the number of chronic conditions. RESULTS: Multiple linear regressions showed that higher functional impairment was associated with being female (ADL, β = 0.06, p < 0.01; IADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.01), higher age (ADL, β = 0.02, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.04, p < 0.001), low education (compared to high education: IADL, β = −0.10, p < 0.05), the presence of income poverty (ADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.05; IADL, β = 0.16, p < 0.01), more depressive symptoms (ADL, β = 0.12, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.14, p < 0.001), higher cognitive impairment (ADL, β = −0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = −0.06, p < 0.001), and a higher number of chronic conditions (ADL, β = 0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.05, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Several determinants of functional impairment among the oldest old have been identified (i.e., being female, higher age, low education, presence of income poverty, more depressive symptoms, higher cognitive impairment, and more chronic conditions). Such knowledge (e.g., regarding the association between income poverty and functional impairment) may assist in characterizing individuals aged 80 years and over at high risk for functional impairment. Ultimately, such knowledge may help to design specific interventions for high risk groups. Moreover, such knowledge may enrich the research areas addressing inequalities. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9815796/ /pubmed/36619629 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1092775 Text en Copyright © 2022 Hajek and König. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Medicine Hajek, André König, Hans-Helmut What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old? |
title | What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old? |
title_full | What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old? |
title_fullStr | What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old? |
title_full_unstemmed | What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old? |
title_short | What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old? |
title_sort | what factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old? |
topic | Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9815796/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36619629 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1092775 |
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