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What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?

PURPOSE: Most of the existing studies did not explicitly focus on the oldest old who are at high risk of functional impairment. Moreover, some potential risk factors (such as financial poverty) of functional impairment have been neglected so far. Thus, our aim was to clarify the determinants (with a...

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Autores principales: Hajek, André, König, Hans-Helmut
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9815796/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36619629
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1092775
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author Hajek, André
König, Hans-Helmut
author_facet Hajek, André
König, Hans-Helmut
author_sort Hajek, André
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: Most of the existing studies did not explicitly focus on the oldest old who are at high risk of functional impairment. Moreover, some potential risk factors (such as financial poverty) of functional impairment have been neglected so far. Thus, our aim was to clarify the determinants (with a particular emphasis on financial poverty) of functional impairment exclusively among the oldest old. METHODS: Data were taken from the “Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80+)” – a representative sample of individuals ≥80 years (community-dwelling and in institutionalized settings) in North Rhine-Westphalia (n = 1,863, average age was 86.5 years, ranging from 80 to 102 years). Common tools were used to quantify functional impairment. In regression analysis, these determinants were included: sex, age, marital status, educational level, income poverty, asset poverty, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and the number of chronic conditions. RESULTS: Multiple linear regressions showed that higher functional impairment was associated with being female (ADL, β = 0.06, p < 0.01; IADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.01), higher age (ADL, β = 0.02, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.04, p < 0.001), low education (compared to high education: IADL, β = −0.10, p < 0.05), the presence of income poverty (ADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.05; IADL, β = 0.16, p < 0.01), more depressive symptoms (ADL, β = 0.12, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.14, p < 0.001), higher cognitive impairment (ADL, β = −0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = −0.06, p < 0.001), and a higher number of chronic conditions (ADL, β = 0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.05, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Several determinants of functional impairment among the oldest old have been identified (i.e., being female, higher age, low education, presence of income poverty, more depressive symptoms, higher cognitive impairment, and more chronic conditions). Such knowledge (e.g., regarding the association between income poverty and functional impairment) may assist in characterizing individuals aged 80 years and over at high risk for functional impairment. Ultimately, such knowledge may help to design specific interventions for high risk groups. Moreover, such knowledge may enrich the research areas addressing inequalities.
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spelling pubmed-98157962023-01-06 What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old? Hajek, André König, Hans-Helmut Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine PURPOSE: Most of the existing studies did not explicitly focus on the oldest old who are at high risk of functional impairment. Moreover, some potential risk factors (such as financial poverty) of functional impairment have been neglected so far. Thus, our aim was to clarify the determinants (with a particular emphasis on financial poverty) of functional impairment exclusively among the oldest old. METHODS: Data were taken from the “Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80+)” – a representative sample of individuals ≥80 years (community-dwelling and in institutionalized settings) in North Rhine-Westphalia (n = 1,863, average age was 86.5 years, ranging from 80 to 102 years). Common tools were used to quantify functional impairment. In regression analysis, these determinants were included: sex, age, marital status, educational level, income poverty, asset poverty, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and the number of chronic conditions. RESULTS: Multiple linear regressions showed that higher functional impairment was associated with being female (ADL, β = 0.06, p < 0.01; IADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.01), higher age (ADL, β = 0.02, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.04, p < 0.001), low education (compared to high education: IADL, β = −0.10, p < 0.05), the presence of income poverty (ADL, β = 0.09, p < 0.05; IADL, β = 0.16, p < 0.01), more depressive symptoms (ADL, β = 0.12, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.14, p < 0.001), higher cognitive impairment (ADL, β = −0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = −0.06, p < 0.001), and a higher number of chronic conditions (ADL, β = 0.03, p < 0.001; IADL, β = 0.05, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Several determinants of functional impairment among the oldest old have been identified (i.e., being female, higher age, low education, presence of income poverty, more depressive symptoms, higher cognitive impairment, and more chronic conditions). Such knowledge (e.g., regarding the association between income poverty and functional impairment) may assist in characterizing individuals aged 80 years and over at high risk for functional impairment. Ultimately, such knowledge may help to design specific interventions for high risk groups. Moreover, such knowledge may enrich the research areas addressing inequalities. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9815796/ /pubmed/36619629 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1092775 Text en Copyright © 2022 Hajek and König. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Hajek, André
König, Hans-Helmut
What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?
title What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?
title_full What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?
title_fullStr What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?
title_full_unstemmed What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?
title_short What factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?
title_sort what factors are associated with functional impairment among the oldest old?
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9815796/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36619629
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1092775
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