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Cognitive trajectories preluding the imminent onset of Alzheimer’s disease dementia in individuals with normal cognition: results from the HELIAD cohort

BACKGROUND: The cognitive trajectories of cognitively normal (CN) individuals rapidly progressing to Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD) have not been investigated. AIM: To explore the preclinical pattern of cognitive performance heralding the rapid progression from normal cognition to AD. METHODS: Th...

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Autores principales: Liampas, Ioannis, Siokas, Vasileios, Ntanasi, Eva, Kosmidis, Mary H., Yannakoulia, Mary, Sakka, Paraskevi, Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M., Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Dardiotis, Efthimios
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9816286/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36322329
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40520-022-02265-y
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author Liampas, Ioannis
Siokas, Vasileios
Ntanasi, Eva
Kosmidis, Mary H.
Yannakoulia, Mary
Sakka, Paraskevi
Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M.
Scarmeas, Nikolaos
Dardiotis, Efthimios
author_facet Liampas, Ioannis
Siokas, Vasileios
Ntanasi, Eva
Kosmidis, Mary H.
Yannakoulia, Mary
Sakka, Paraskevi
Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M.
Scarmeas, Nikolaos
Dardiotis, Efthimios
author_sort Liampas, Ioannis
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The cognitive trajectories of cognitively normal (CN) individuals rapidly progressing to Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD) have not been investigated. AIM: To explore the preclinical pattern of cognitive performance heralding the rapid progression from normal cognition to AD. METHODS: The HELIAD cohort underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments (memory, language, attention, executive and visuo-perceptual functions) at baseline and after approximately 3-year intervals. The cognitive trajectories of those with normal cognition at baseline were explored according to the follow-up diagnosis using adjusted generalised estimating equations analyses. RESULTS: A total of 932 predominantly female (61%), older (72.9 ± 4.9), CN participants were followed for 3.09 (± 0.83) years. Among them, 761 individuals remained CN, 29 progressed to AD and 142 developed MCI (33 single-domain amnestic, 41 multidomain amnestic, 37 single-domain non-amnestic and 31 multidomain non-amnestic). Those progressing to AD were already performing worse than the healthy reference in every single cognitive domain at baseline. Cognitive deficits ranged between ~ 0.5SD (attention, executive function and language) and ~ 1.0SD (memory and visuo-perceptual skills). Throughout the 3-year follow-up, memory constantly exhibited the most prominent impairment compared to the remaining cognitive domains while executive function diminished in the most abrupt fashion (~ 0.19SD yearly) separating from the remaining three cognitive functions before the development of full-blown AD. Heterogeneous patterns of cognitive decline clearly differentiated those progressing to MCI from those rapidly converting to AD, as well. DISCUSSION: Poor performance in every cognitive domain may characterise cognitively normal individuals at high risk of fast progression to AD. CONCLUSION: Strict neuropsychological cut-offs fail to detect a considerable number of individuals at high risk of rapid progression to AD. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40520-022-02265-y.
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spelling pubmed-98162862023-01-07 Cognitive trajectories preluding the imminent onset of Alzheimer’s disease dementia in individuals with normal cognition: results from the HELIAD cohort Liampas, Ioannis Siokas, Vasileios Ntanasi, Eva Kosmidis, Mary H. Yannakoulia, Mary Sakka, Paraskevi Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M. Scarmeas, Nikolaos Dardiotis, Efthimios Aging Clin Exp Res Original Article BACKGROUND: The cognitive trajectories of cognitively normal (CN) individuals rapidly progressing to Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD) have not been investigated. AIM: To explore the preclinical pattern of cognitive performance heralding the rapid progression from normal cognition to AD. METHODS: The HELIAD cohort underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments (memory, language, attention, executive and visuo-perceptual functions) at baseline and after approximately 3-year intervals. The cognitive trajectories of those with normal cognition at baseline were explored according to the follow-up diagnosis using adjusted generalised estimating equations analyses. RESULTS: A total of 932 predominantly female (61%), older (72.9 ± 4.9), CN participants were followed for 3.09 (± 0.83) years. Among them, 761 individuals remained CN, 29 progressed to AD and 142 developed MCI (33 single-domain amnestic, 41 multidomain amnestic, 37 single-domain non-amnestic and 31 multidomain non-amnestic). Those progressing to AD were already performing worse than the healthy reference in every single cognitive domain at baseline. Cognitive deficits ranged between ~ 0.5SD (attention, executive function and language) and ~ 1.0SD (memory and visuo-perceptual skills). Throughout the 3-year follow-up, memory constantly exhibited the most prominent impairment compared to the remaining cognitive domains while executive function diminished in the most abrupt fashion (~ 0.19SD yearly) separating from the remaining three cognitive functions before the development of full-blown AD. Heterogeneous patterns of cognitive decline clearly differentiated those progressing to MCI from those rapidly converting to AD, as well. DISCUSSION: Poor performance in every cognitive domain may characterise cognitively normal individuals at high risk of fast progression to AD. CONCLUSION: Strict neuropsychological cut-offs fail to detect a considerable number of individuals at high risk of rapid progression to AD. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40520-022-02265-y. Springer International Publishing 2022-11-02 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC9816286/ /pubmed/36322329 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40520-022-02265-y Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Article
Liampas, Ioannis
Siokas, Vasileios
Ntanasi, Eva
Kosmidis, Mary H.
Yannakoulia, Mary
Sakka, Paraskevi
Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M.
Scarmeas, Nikolaos
Dardiotis, Efthimios
Cognitive trajectories preluding the imminent onset of Alzheimer’s disease dementia in individuals with normal cognition: results from the HELIAD cohort
title Cognitive trajectories preluding the imminent onset of Alzheimer’s disease dementia in individuals with normal cognition: results from the HELIAD cohort
title_full Cognitive trajectories preluding the imminent onset of Alzheimer’s disease dementia in individuals with normal cognition: results from the HELIAD cohort
title_fullStr Cognitive trajectories preluding the imminent onset of Alzheimer’s disease dementia in individuals with normal cognition: results from the HELIAD cohort
title_full_unstemmed Cognitive trajectories preluding the imminent onset of Alzheimer’s disease dementia in individuals with normal cognition: results from the HELIAD cohort
title_short Cognitive trajectories preluding the imminent onset of Alzheimer’s disease dementia in individuals with normal cognition: results from the HELIAD cohort
title_sort cognitive trajectories preluding the imminent onset of alzheimer’s disease dementia in individuals with normal cognition: results from the heliad cohort
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9816286/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36322329
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40520-022-02265-y
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