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Degradation rates influence the ability of composite samples to represent 24-hourly means of SARS-CoV-2 and other microbiological target measures in wastewater
The utility of using severe-acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA for assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 within communities begins with the design of the sample collection program. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of 24-hour composites as representative sam...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier B.V.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9817413/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36623667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161423 |
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author | Babler, Kristina M. Sharkey, Mark E. Abelson, Samantha Amirali, Ayaaz Benitez, Aymara Cosculluela, Gabriella A. Grills, George S. Kumar, Naresh Laine, Jennifer Lamar, Walter Lamm, Erik D. Lyu, Jiangnan Mason, Christopher E. McCabe, Philip M. Raghavender, Joshi Reding, Brian D. Roca, Matthew A. Schürer, Stephan C. Stevenson, Mario Szeto, Angela Tallon, John J. Vidović, Dusica Zarnegarnia, Yalda Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. |
author_facet | Babler, Kristina M. Sharkey, Mark E. Abelson, Samantha Amirali, Ayaaz Benitez, Aymara Cosculluela, Gabriella A. Grills, George S. Kumar, Naresh Laine, Jennifer Lamar, Walter Lamm, Erik D. Lyu, Jiangnan Mason, Christopher E. McCabe, Philip M. Raghavender, Joshi Reding, Brian D. Roca, Matthew A. Schürer, Stephan C. Stevenson, Mario Szeto, Angela Tallon, John J. Vidović, Dusica Zarnegarnia, Yalda Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. |
author_sort | Babler, Kristina M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The utility of using severe-acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA for assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 within communities begins with the design of the sample collection program. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of 24-hour composites as representative samples for measuring multiple microbiological targets in wastewater, and whether normalization of SARS-CoV-2 by endogenous targets can be used to decrease hour to hour variability at different watershed scales. Two sets of experiments were conducted, in tandem with the same wastewater, with samples collected at the building, cluster, and community sewershed scales. The first set of experiments focused on evaluating degradation of microbiological targets: SARS-CoV-2, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) – a surrogate spiked into the wastewater, plus human waste indicators of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV), Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), and fecal coliform bacteria (FC). The second focused on the variability of these targets from samples, collected each hour on the hour. Results show that SARS-CoV-2, PMMoV, and B2M were relatively stable, with minimal degradation over 24-h. SIV, which was spiked-in prior to analysis, degraded significantly and FC increased significantly over the course of 24 h, emphasizing the possibility for decay and growth within wastewater. Hour-to-hour variability of the source wastewater was large between each hour of sampling relative to the variability of the SARS-CoV-2 levels calculated between sewershed scales; thus, differences in SARS-CoV-2 hourly variability were not statistically significant between sewershed scales. Results further provided that the quantified representativeness of 24-h composite samples (i.e., statistical equivalency compared against hourly collected grabs) was dependent upon the molecular target measured. Overall, improvements made by normalization were minimal within this study. Degradation and multiplication for other targets should be evaluated when deciding upon whether to collect composite or grab samples in future studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9817413 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98174132023-01-06 Degradation rates influence the ability of composite samples to represent 24-hourly means of SARS-CoV-2 and other microbiological target measures in wastewater Babler, Kristina M. Sharkey, Mark E. Abelson, Samantha Amirali, Ayaaz Benitez, Aymara Cosculluela, Gabriella A. Grills, George S. Kumar, Naresh Laine, Jennifer Lamar, Walter Lamm, Erik D. Lyu, Jiangnan Mason, Christopher E. McCabe, Philip M. Raghavender, Joshi Reding, Brian D. Roca, Matthew A. Schürer, Stephan C. Stevenson, Mario Szeto, Angela Tallon, John J. Vidović, Dusica Zarnegarnia, Yalda Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Sci Total Environ Article The utility of using severe-acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA for assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 within communities begins with the design of the sample collection program. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of 24-hour composites as representative samples for measuring multiple microbiological targets in wastewater, and whether normalization of SARS-CoV-2 by endogenous targets can be used to decrease hour to hour variability at different watershed scales. Two sets of experiments were conducted, in tandem with the same wastewater, with samples collected at the building, cluster, and community sewershed scales. The first set of experiments focused on evaluating degradation of microbiological targets: SARS-CoV-2, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) – a surrogate spiked into the wastewater, plus human waste indicators of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV), Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), and fecal coliform bacteria (FC). The second focused on the variability of these targets from samples, collected each hour on the hour. Results show that SARS-CoV-2, PMMoV, and B2M were relatively stable, with minimal degradation over 24-h. SIV, which was spiked-in prior to analysis, degraded significantly and FC increased significantly over the course of 24 h, emphasizing the possibility for decay and growth within wastewater. Hour-to-hour variability of the source wastewater was large between each hour of sampling relative to the variability of the SARS-CoV-2 levels calculated between sewershed scales; thus, differences in SARS-CoV-2 hourly variability were not statistically significant between sewershed scales. Results further provided that the quantified representativeness of 24-h composite samples (i.e., statistical equivalency compared against hourly collected grabs) was dependent upon the molecular target measured. Overall, improvements made by normalization were minimal within this study. Degradation and multiplication for other targets should be evaluated when deciding upon whether to collect composite or grab samples in future studies. Elsevier B.V. 2023-04-01 2023-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9817413/ /pubmed/36623667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161423 Text en © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Babler, Kristina M. Sharkey, Mark E. Abelson, Samantha Amirali, Ayaaz Benitez, Aymara Cosculluela, Gabriella A. Grills, George S. Kumar, Naresh Laine, Jennifer Lamar, Walter Lamm, Erik D. Lyu, Jiangnan Mason, Christopher E. McCabe, Philip M. Raghavender, Joshi Reding, Brian D. Roca, Matthew A. Schürer, Stephan C. Stevenson, Mario Szeto, Angela Tallon, John J. Vidović, Dusica Zarnegarnia, Yalda Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Degradation rates influence the ability of composite samples to represent 24-hourly means of SARS-CoV-2 and other microbiological target measures in wastewater |
title | Degradation rates influence the ability of composite samples to represent 24-hourly means of SARS-CoV-2 and other microbiological target measures in wastewater |
title_full | Degradation rates influence the ability of composite samples to represent 24-hourly means of SARS-CoV-2 and other microbiological target measures in wastewater |
title_fullStr | Degradation rates influence the ability of composite samples to represent 24-hourly means of SARS-CoV-2 and other microbiological target measures in wastewater |
title_full_unstemmed | Degradation rates influence the ability of composite samples to represent 24-hourly means of SARS-CoV-2 and other microbiological target measures in wastewater |
title_short | Degradation rates influence the ability of composite samples to represent 24-hourly means of SARS-CoV-2 and other microbiological target measures in wastewater |
title_sort | degradation rates influence the ability of composite samples to represent 24-hourly means of sars-cov-2 and other microbiological target measures in wastewater |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9817413/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36623667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161423 |
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