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Adaptive IoU Thresholding for Improving Small Object Detection: A Proof-of-Concept Study of Hand Erosions Classification of Patients with Rheumatic Arthritis on X-ray Images
In recent years, much research evaluating the radiographic destruction of finger joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using deep learning models was conducted. Unfortunately, most previous models were not clinically applicable due to the small object regions as well as the close spatial...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818241/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36611395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010104 |
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author | Radke, Karl Ludger Kors, Matthias Müller-Lutz, Anja Frenken, Miriam Wilms, Lena Marie Baraliakos, Xenofon Wittsack, Hans-Jörg Distler, Jörg H. W. Abrar, Daniel B. Antoch, Gerald Sewerin, Philipp |
author_facet | Radke, Karl Ludger Kors, Matthias Müller-Lutz, Anja Frenken, Miriam Wilms, Lena Marie Baraliakos, Xenofon Wittsack, Hans-Jörg Distler, Jörg H. W. Abrar, Daniel B. Antoch, Gerald Sewerin, Philipp |
author_sort | Radke, Karl Ludger |
collection | PubMed |
description | In recent years, much research evaluating the radiographic destruction of finger joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using deep learning models was conducted. Unfortunately, most previous models were not clinically applicable due to the small object regions as well as the close spatial relationship. In recent years, a new network structure called RetinaNets, in combination with the focal loss function, proved reliable for detecting even small objects. Therefore, the study aimed to increase the recognition performance to a clinically valuable level by proposing an innovative approach with adaptive changes in intersection over union (IoU) values during training of Retina Networks using the focal loss error function. To this end, the erosion score was determined using the Sharp van der Heijde (SvH) metric on 300 conventional radiographs from 119 patients with RA. Subsequently, a standard RetinaNet with different IoU values as well as adaptively modified IoU values were trained and compared in terms of accuracy, mean average accuracy (mAP), and IoU. With the proposed approach of adaptive IoU values during training, erosion detection accuracy could be improved to 94% and an mAP of 0.81 ± 0.18. In contrast Retina networks with static IoU values achieved only an accuracy of 80% and an mAP of 0.43 ± 0.24. Thus, adaptive adjustment of IoU values during training is a simple and effective method to increase the recognition accuracy of small objects such as finger and wrist joints. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9818241 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98182412023-01-07 Adaptive IoU Thresholding for Improving Small Object Detection: A Proof-of-Concept Study of Hand Erosions Classification of Patients with Rheumatic Arthritis on X-ray Images Radke, Karl Ludger Kors, Matthias Müller-Lutz, Anja Frenken, Miriam Wilms, Lena Marie Baraliakos, Xenofon Wittsack, Hans-Jörg Distler, Jörg H. W. Abrar, Daniel B. Antoch, Gerald Sewerin, Philipp Diagnostics (Basel) Article In recent years, much research evaluating the radiographic destruction of finger joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using deep learning models was conducted. Unfortunately, most previous models were not clinically applicable due to the small object regions as well as the close spatial relationship. In recent years, a new network structure called RetinaNets, in combination with the focal loss function, proved reliable for detecting even small objects. Therefore, the study aimed to increase the recognition performance to a clinically valuable level by proposing an innovative approach with adaptive changes in intersection over union (IoU) values during training of Retina Networks using the focal loss error function. To this end, the erosion score was determined using the Sharp van der Heijde (SvH) metric on 300 conventional radiographs from 119 patients with RA. Subsequently, a standard RetinaNet with different IoU values as well as adaptively modified IoU values were trained and compared in terms of accuracy, mean average accuracy (mAP), and IoU. With the proposed approach of adaptive IoU values during training, erosion detection accuracy could be improved to 94% and an mAP of 0.81 ± 0.18. In contrast Retina networks with static IoU values achieved only an accuracy of 80% and an mAP of 0.43 ± 0.24. Thus, adaptive adjustment of IoU values during training is a simple and effective method to increase the recognition accuracy of small objects such as finger and wrist joints. MDPI 2022-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9818241/ /pubmed/36611395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010104 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Radke, Karl Ludger Kors, Matthias Müller-Lutz, Anja Frenken, Miriam Wilms, Lena Marie Baraliakos, Xenofon Wittsack, Hans-Jörg Distler, Jörg H. W. Abrar, Daniel B. Antoch, Gerald Sewerin, Philipp Adaptive IoU Thresholding for Improving Small Object Detection: A Proof-of-Concept Study of Hand Erosions Classification of Patients with Rheumatic Arthritis on X-ray Images |
title | Adaptive IoU Thresholding for Improving Small Object Detection: A Proof-of-Concept Study of Hand Erosions Classification of Patients with Rheumatic Arthritis on X-ray Images |
title_full | Adaptive IoU Thresholding for Improving Small Object Detection: A Proof-of-Concept Study of Hand Erosions Classification of Patients with Rheumatic Arthritis on X-ray Images |
title_fullStr | Adaptive IoU Thresholding for Improving Small Object Detection: A Proof-of-Concept Study of Hand Erosions Classification of Patients with Rheumatic Arthritis on X-ray Images |
title_full_unstemmed | Adaptive IoU Thresholding for Improving Small Object Detection: A Proof-of-Concept Study of Hand Erosions Classification of Patients with Rheumatic Arthritis on X-ray Images |
title_short | Adaptive IoU Thresholding for Improving Small Object Detection: A Proof-of-Concept Study of Hand Erosions Classification of Patients with Rheumatic Arthritis on X-ray Images |
title_sort | adaptive iou thresholding for improving small object detection: a proof-of-concept study of hand erosions classification of patients with rheumatic arthritis on x-ray images |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818241/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36611395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010104 |
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