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TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an intracellular innate immunity receptor that plays a vital role in chronic inflammation and in recognizing pathogenic and self-DNA in immune complexes. This activation of intracellular signaling leads to the transcription of either immune-related or malignancy genes...

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Autores principales: Fehri, Emna, Ennaifer, Emna, Bel Haj Rhouma, Rahima, Ardhaoui, Monia, Boubaker, Samir
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36611945
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12010152
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author Fehri, Emna
Ennaifer, Emna
Bel Haj Rhouma, Rahima
Ardhaoui, Monia
Boubaker, Samir
author_facet Fehri, Emna
Ennaifer, Emna
Bel Haj Rhouma, Rahima
Ardhaoui, Monia
Boubaker, Samir
author_sort Fehri, Emna
collection PubMed
description Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an intracellular innate immunity receptor that plays a vital role in chronic inflammation and in recognizing pathogenic and self-DNA in immune complexes. This activation of intracellular signaling leads to the transcription of either immune-related or malignancy genes through specific transcription factors. Thus, it has been hypothesized that TLR9 may cause glioma. This article reviews the roles of TLR9 in the pathogenesis of glioma and its related signaling molecules in either defending or promoting glioma. TLR9 mediates the invasion-induced hypoxia of brain cancer cells by the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (2, 9, and 13) in brain tissues. In contrast, the combination of the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN to radiotherapy boosts the role of T cells in antitumor effects. The TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 107 also enhances the radiosensitivity of human glioma U87 cells by blocking tumor angiogenesis. CpG enhances apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it can enhance the antigen-presenting capacity of microglia, switch immune response toward CD8 T cells, and reduce the number of CD4CD25 Treg cells. CpG ODN shows promise as a potent immunotherapeutic drug against cancer, but specific cautions should be taken when activating TLR9, especially in the case of glioblastoma.
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spelling pubmed-98183842023-01-07 TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes? Fehri, Emna Ennaifer, Emna Bel Haj Rhouma, Rahima Ardhaoui, Monia Boubaker, Samir Cells Review Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an intracellular innate immunity receptor that plays a vital role in chronic inflammation and in recognizing pathogenic and self-DNA in immune complexes. This activation of intracellular signaling leads to the transcription of either immune-related or malignancy genes through specific transcription factors. Thus, it has been hypothesized that TLR9 may cause glioma. This article reviews the roles of TLR9 in the pathogenesis of glioma and its related signaling molecules in either defending or promoting glioma. TLR9 mediates the invasion-induced hypoxia of brain cancer cells by the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (2, 9, and 13) in brain tissues. In contrast, the combination of the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN to radiotherapy boosts the role of T cells in antitumor effects. The TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 107 also enhances the radiosensitivity of human glioma U87 cells by blocking tumor angiogenesis. CpG enhances apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it can enhance the antigen-presenting capacity of microglia, switch immune response toward CD8 T cells, and reduce the number of CD4CD25 Treg cells. CpG ODN shows promise as a potent immunotherapeutic drug against cancer, but specific cautions should be taken when activating TLR9, especially in the case of glioblastoma. MDPI 2022-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9818384/ /pubmed/36611945 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12010152 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Fehri, Emna
Ennaifer, Emna
Bel Haj Rhouma, Rahima
Ardhaoui, Monia
Boubaker, Samir
TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?
title TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?
title_full TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?
title_fullStr TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?
title_full_unstemmed TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?
title_short TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?
title_sort tlr9 and glioma: friends or foes?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36611945
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12010152
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