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Parboiled Germinated Brown Rice Improves Cardiac Structure and Gene Expression in Hypertensive Rats
Hypertension leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. The suppression of these indicators may be one treatment approach. Parboiled germinated brown rice (PGBR), obtained by steaming germinated Jasmine rice, reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo. PGBR contains more bioactive...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818593/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36613225 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010009 |
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author | On-Nom, Nattira Khaengamkham, Kanoknad Kettawan, Aikkarach Rungruang, Thanaporn Suttisansanee, Uthaiwan Temviriyanukul, Piya Prangthip, Pattaneeya Chupeerach, Chaowanee |
author_facet | On-Nom, Nattira Khaengamkham, Kanoknad Kettawan, Aikkarach Rungruang, Thanaporn Suttisansanee, Uthaiwan Temviriyanukul, Piya Prangthip, Pattaneeya Chupeerach, Chaowanee |
author_sort | On-Nom, Nattira |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hypertension leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. The suppression of these indicators may be one treatment approach. Parboiled germinated brown rice (PGBR), obtained by steaming germinated Jasmine rice, reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo. PGBR contains more bioactive compounds than brown rice (BR) and white rice (WR). Anti-hypertensive benefits of PGBR have been predicted, but research is lacking. The anti-hypertensive effects of PGBR were investigated in the downstream gene network of hypertension pathogenesis, including the renin–angiotensin system, fibrosis, oxidative stress production, and antioxidant enzymes in N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. To strengthen our findings, the cardiac structure was also studied. PGBR-exposed rats showed significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to the hypertensive group. WR did not reduce SBP because of the loss of bioactive compounds during intensive milling. PGBR also reduced the expression of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX4), which contribute to the renin–angiotensin system, fibrosis, and oxidative stress production, respectively. Losartan (Los, an anti-hypertensive drug)-treated rats also exhibited similar gene expression, implying that PGBR may reduce hypertension using the same downstream target as Los. Our data also indicated that PGBR reduced cardiac lesions, such as the cardiomyopathy induced by L-NAME. This is the first report on the anti-hypertensive effects of PGBR in vivo by the suppression of the renin response, fibrosis, and improved cardiac structure. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9818593 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98185932023-01-07 Parboiled Germinated Brown Rice Improves Cardiac Structure and Gene Expression in Hypertensive Rats On-Nom, Nattira Khaengamkham, Kanoknad Kettawan, Aikkarach Rungruang, Thanaporn Suttisansanee, Uthaiwan Temviriyanukul, Piya Prangthip, Pattaneeya Chupeerach, Chaowanee Foods Article Hypertension leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. The suppression of these indicators may be one treatment approach. Parboiled germinated brown rice (PGBR), obtained by steaming germinated Jasmine rice, reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo. PGBR contains more bioactive compounds than brown rice (BR) and white rice (WR). Anti-hypertensive benefits of PGBR have been predicted, but research is lacking. The anti-hypertensive effects of PGBR were investigated in the downstream gene network of hypertension pathogenesis, including the renin–angiotensin system, fibrosis, oxidative stress production, and antioxidant enzymes in N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. To strengthen our findings, the cardiac structure was also studied. PGBR-exposed rats showed significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to the hypertensive group. WR did not reduce SBP because of the loss of bioactive compounds during intensive milling. PGBR also reduced the expression of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX4), which contribute to the renin–angiotensin system, fibrosis, and oxidative stress production, respectively. Losartan (Los, an anti-hypertensive drug)-treated rats also exhibited similar gene expression, implying that PGBR may reduce hypertension using the same downstream target as Los. Our data also indicated that PGBR reduced cardiac lesions, such as the cardiomyopathy induced by L-NAME. This is the first report on the anti-hypertensive effects of PGBR in vivo by the suppression of the renin response, fibrosis, and improved cardiac structure. MDPI 2022-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9818593/ /pubmed/36613225 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010009 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article On-Nom, Nattira Khaengamkham, Kanoknad Kettawan, Aikkarach Rungruang, Thanaporn Suttisansanee, Uthaiwan Temviriyanukul, Piya Prangthip, Pattaneeya Chupeerach, Chaowanee Parboiled Germinated Brown Rice Improves Cardiac Structure and Gene Expression in Hypertensive Rats |
title | Parboiled Germinated Brown Rice Improves Cardiac Structure and Gene Expression in Hypertensive Rats |
title_full | Parboiled Germinated Brown Rice Improves Cardiac Structure and Gene Expression in Hypertensive Rats |
title_fullStr | Parboiled Germinated Brown Rice Improves Cardiac Structure and Gene Expression in Hypertensive Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Parboiled Germinated Brown Rice Improves Cardiac Structure and Gene Expression in Hypertensive Rats |
title_short | Parboiled Germinated Brown Rice Improves Cardiac Structure and Gene Expression in Hypertensive Rats |
title_sort | parboiled germinated brown rice improves cardiac structure and gene expression in hypertensive rats |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818593/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36613225 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010009 |
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