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PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 100 kD, 750 amino acid (AA) long type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has a short N-terminal intracellular domain with 19 AA, 24 AA transmembrane proteins and a large C-terminal extracellular domain with 707 AA. PSMA has been mapped to chromosome 11p...

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Autores principales: Adnan, Aadil, Basu, Sandip
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818911/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36611450
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010158
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author Adnan, Aadil
Basu, Sandip
author_facet Adnan, Aadil
Basu, Sandip
author_sort Adnan, Aadil
collection PubMed
description Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 100 kD, 750 amino acid (AA) long type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has a short N-terminal intracellular domain with 19 AA, 24 AA transmembrane proteins and a large C-terminal extracellular domain with 707 AA. PSMA has been mapped to chromosome 11p 11-12 in the region of the folate hydrolase gene (FOLH1) and has no known natural ligand. The protein possesses enzymatic activity—glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP-II)—and is thought to have role in folate uptake (FOLH1 gene). ‘PSMA’ expression, although significantly up-regulated in prostate carcinoma (more in high-risk and aggressive variants), is not exclusive for it and is noted in various other benign and malignant conditions, especially in the neovasculature. Currently, PSMA PET-CT is approved for high-risk and biochemically recurrent prostate carcinoma (PCa), and in patient selection for PSMA based theranostics. This review aims to highlight the clinical evolution of the PSMA molecule and PSMA PET-CT as a diagnostic modality, various indications of PSMA PET-CT, the appropriateness criteria for its use, pitfalls and artefacts, and other uses of PSMA PET apart from prostate carcinoma.
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spelling pubmed-98189112023-01-07 PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications Adnan, Aadil Basu, Sandip Diagnostics (Basel) Review Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 100 kD, 750 amino acid (AA) long type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has a short N-terminal intracellular domain with 19 AA, 24 AA transmembrane proteins and a large C-terminal extracellular domain with 707 AA. PSMA has been mapped to chromosome 11p 11-12 in the region of the folate hydrolase gene (FOLH1) and has no known natural ligand. The protein possesses enzymatic activity—glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP-II)—and is thought to have role in folate uptake (FOLH1 gene). ‘PSMA’ expression, although significantly up-regulated in prostate carcinoma (more in high-risk and aggressive variants), is not exclusive for it and is noted in various other benign and malignant conditions, especially in the neovasculature. Currently, PSMA PET-CT is approved for high-risk and biochemically recurrent prostate carcinoma (PCa), and in patient selection for PSMA based theranostics. This review aims to highlight the clinical evolution of the PSMA molecule and PSMA PET-CT as a diagnostic modality, various indications of PSMA PET-CT, the appropriateness criteria for its use, pitfalls and artefacts, and other uses of PSMA PET apart from prostate carcinoma. MDPI 2023-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9818911/ /pubmed/36611450 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010158 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Adnan, Aadil
Basu, Sandip
PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications
title PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications
title_full PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications
title_fullStr PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications
title_full_unstemmed PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications
title_short PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications
title_sort psma receptor-based pet-ct: the basics and current status in clinical and research applications
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818911/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36611450
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010158
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