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PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 100 kD, 750 amino acid (AA) long type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has a short N-terminal intracellular domain with 19 AA, 24 AA transmembrane proteins and a large C-terminal extracellular domain with 707 AA. PSMA has been mapped to chromosome 11p...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818911/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36611450 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010158 |
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author | Adnan, Aadil Basu, Sandip |
author_facet | Adnan, Aadil Basu, Sandip |
author_sort | Adnan, Aadil |
collection | PubMed |
description | Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 100 kD, 750 amino acid (AA) long type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has a short N-terminal intracellular domain with 19 AA, 24 AA transmembrane proteins and a large C-terminal extracellular domain with 707 AA. PSMA has been mapped to chromosome 11p 11-12 in the region of the folate hydrolase gene (FOLH1) and has no known natural ligand. The protein possesses enzymatic activity—glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP-II)—and is thought to have role in folate uptake (FOLH1 gene). ‘PSMA’ expression, although significantly up-regulated in prostate carcinoma (more in high-risk and aggressive variants), is not exclusive for it and is noted in various other benign and malignant conditions, especially in the neovasculature. Currently, PSMA PET-CT is approved for high-risk and biochemically recurrent prostate carcinoma (PCa), and in patient selection for PSMA based theranostics. This review aims to highlight the clinical evolution of the PSMA molecule and PSMA PET-CT as a diagnostic modality, various indications of PSMA PET-CT, the appropriateness criteria for its use, pitfalls and artefacts, and other uses of PSMA PET apart from prostate carcinoma. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9818911 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98189112023-01-07 PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications Adnan, Aadil Basu, Sandip Diagnostics (Basel) Review Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 100 kD, 750 amino acid (AA) long type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has a short N-terminal intracellular domain with 19 AA, 24 AA transmembrane proteins and a large C-terminal extracellular domain with 707 AA. PSMA has been mapped to chromosome 11p 11-12 in the region of the folate hydrolase gene (FOLH1) and has no known natural ligand. The protein possesses enzymatic activity—glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP-II)—and is thought to have role in folate uptake (FOLH1 gene). ‘PSMA’ expression, although significantly up-regulated in prostate carcinoma (more in high-risk and aggressive variants), is not exclusive for it and is noted in various other benign and malignant conditions, especially in the neovasculature. Currently, PSMA PET-CT is approved for high-risk and biochemically recurrent prostate carcinoma (PCa), and in patient selection for PSMA based theranostics. This review aims to highlight the clinical evolution of the PSMA molecule and PSMA PET-CT as a diagnostic modality, various indications of PSMA PET-CT, the appropriateness criteria for its use, pitfalls and artefacts, and other uses of PSMA PET apart from prostate carcinoma. MDPI 2023-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9818911/ /pubmed/36611450 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010158 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Adnan, Aadil Basu, Sandip PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications |
title | PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications |
title_full | PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications |
title_fullStr | PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications |
title_full_unstemmed | PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications |
title_short | PSMA Receptor-Based PET-CT: The Basics and Current Status in Clinical and Research Applications |
title_sort | psma receptor-based pet-ct: the basics and current status in clinical and research applications |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818911/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36611450 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010158 |
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