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Effect of Different Lead and Cadmium Salts on the Photolytic Degradation of Two Typical Fluoroquinolones under Natural Sunlight Irradiation

This study investigated the effects of different lead and cadmium salts (Pb(NO(3))(2), Cd(NO(3))(2), PbCl(2), and CdCl(2)) on the photolytic degradation of two typical fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin (LVF) and norfloxacin (NOR)) under natural sunlight irradiation. Their half-life time and photolytic...

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Autores principales: Duan, Lunchao, Yang, Hao, Wang, Fenghe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9819336/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36612644
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010323
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author Duan, Lunchao
Yang, Hao
Wang, Fenghe
author_facet Duan, Lunchao
Yang, Hao
Wang, Fenghe
author_sort Duan, Lunchao
collection PubMed
description This study investigated the effects of different lead and cadmium salts (Pb(NO(3))(2), Cd(NO(3))(2), PbCl(2), and CdCl(2)) on the photolytic degradation of two typical fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin (LVF) and norfloxacin (NOR)) under natural sunlight irradiation. Their half-life time and photolytic kinetic constants (k) were calculated at different molar ratios. The results indicated that the photolytic degradation curves of LVF and NOR followed apparent first-order kinetics. After 42 days of sunlight irradiation, approximately 48.3–69.4% of NOR was decomposed when the initial concentration increased from 0.006 to 0.06 mmol/L. In comparison, only 9.8–43.4% of LVF was decomposed. The k of NOR ranged from 0.79 × 10(−3) to 1.30 × 10(−3) h(−1), and the k of LVF increased from 6.82 × 10(−4) to 1.61 × 10(−4) h(−1). Compared with the control, the Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) participation tended to enhance the LVF and NOR photodegradation. The effects of Cd(2+) on the photodegradation efficiency were more significant than those of Pb(2+). It was inferred that the presence of aqueous NO(3)(−) obviously suppressed the NOR degradation, but Cl(−) had slight effects on these two fluoroquinolones’ photodegradation. These results are of importance toward the understanding of the persistence of FQs under natural sunlight irradiation in surface waters.
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spelling pubmed-98193362023-01-07 Effect of Different Lead and Cadmium Salts on the Photolytic Degradation of Two Typical Fluoroquinolones under Natural Sunlight Irradiation Duan, Lunchao Yang, Hao Wang, Fenghe Int J Environ Res Public Health Article This study investigated the effects of different lead and cadmium salts (Pb(NO(3))(2), Cd(NO(3))(2), PbCl(2), and CdCl(2)) on the photolytic degradation of two typical fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin (LVF) and norfloxacin (NOR)) under natural sunlight irradiation. Their half-life time and photolytic kinetic constants (k) were calculated at different molar ratios. The results indicated that the photolytic degradation curves of LVF and NOR followed apparent first-order kinetics. After 42 days of sunlight irradiation, approximately 48.3–69.4% of NOR was decomposed when the initial concentration increased from 0.006 to 0.06 mmol/L. In comparison, only 9.8–43.4% of LVF was decomposed. The k of NOR ranged from 0.79 × 10(−3) to 1.30 × 10(−3) h(−1), and the k of LVF increased from 6.82 × 10(−4) to 1.61 × 10(−4) h(−1). Compared with the control, the Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) participation tended to enhance the LVF and NOR photodegradation. The effects of Cd(2+) on the photodegradation efficiency were more significant than those of Pb(2+). It was inferred that the presence of aqueous NO(3)(−) obviously suppressed the NOR degradation, but Cl(−) had slight effects on these two fluoroquinolones’ photodegradation. These results are of importance toward the understanding of the persistence of FQs under natural sunlight irradiation in surface waters. MDPI 2022-12-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9819336/ /pubmed/36612644 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010323 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Duan, Lunchao
Yang, Hao
Wang, Fenghe
Effect of Different Lead and Cadmium Salts on the Photolytic Degradation of Two Typical Fluoroquinolones under Natural Sunlight Irradiation
title Effect of Different Lead and Cadmium Salts on the Photolytic Degradation of Two Typical Fluoroquinolones under Natural Sunlight Irradiation
title_full Effect of Different Lead and Cadmium Salts on the Photolytic Degradation of Two Typical Fluoroquinolones under Natural Sunlight Irradiation
title_fullStr Effect of Different Lead and Cadmium Salts on the Photolytic Degradation of Two Typical Fluoroquinolones under Natural Sunlight Irradiation
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Different Lead and Cadmium Salts on the Photolytic Degradation of Two Typical Fluoroquinolones under Natural Sunlight Irradiation
title_short Effect of Different Lead and Cadmium Salts on the Photolytic Degradation of Two Typical Fluoroquinolones under Natural Sunlight Irradiation
title_sort effect of different lead and cadmium salts on the photolytic degradation of two typical fluoroquinolones under natural sunlight irradiation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9819336/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36612644
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010323
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