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Relationship between Changes in Foot Arch and Sex Differences during the Menstrual Cycle
This study investigated the relationship between changes in foot characteristics and sex differences during the menstrual cycle in healthy male and female university students. We examined 10 female subjects and 14 male subjects. The menstrual cycle was divided into the three phases: the early follic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9819586/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36612829 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010509 |
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author | Edama, Mutsuaki Ohya, Tae Maruyama, Sae Shagawa, Mayuu Sekine, Chie Hirabayashi, Ryo Yokota, Hirotake Ishigaki, Tomonobu Akuzawa, Hiroshi Togashi, Ryoya Yamada, Yuki Takabayashi, Tomoya |
author_facet | Edama, Mutsuaki Ohya, Tae Maruyama, Sae Shagawa, Mayuu Sekine, Chie Hirabayashi, Ryo Yokota, Hirotake Ishigaki, Tomonobu Akuzawa, Hiroshi Togashi, Ryoya Yamada, Yuki Takabayashi, Tomoya |
author_sort | Edama, Mutsuaki |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study investigated the relationship between changes in foot characteristics and sex differences during the menstrual cycle in healthy male and female university students. We examined 10 female subjects and 14 male subjects. The menstrual cycle was divided into the three phases: the early follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase via basal body temperature, an ovulation kit, and salivary estradiol and progesterone concentration measurements. Foot characteristics required for the calculation of the arch height index (AHI) were measured using a three-dimensional foot scanner under conditions of 10% and 50% weight-bearing loads. Arch height at 50% of foot length and truncated foot length were measured, and AHI was calculated by dividing arch height by truncated foot length. Arch height flexibility (AHF) was defined as the change in arch height from 10% weight-bearing load to 50% weight-bearing load. AHI was significantly lower in females than in males in the early follicular and ovulatory phases but did not differ significantly between males and females in each phase. AHF did not differ significantly between males and females in each phase. AHI and AHF showed no periodic fluctuation, suggesting that sex differences in AHF may be absent. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9819586 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98195862023-01-07 Relationship between Changes in Foot Arch and Sex Differences during the Menstrual Cycle Edama, Mutsuaki Ohya, Tae Maruyama, Sae Shagawa, Mayuu Sekine, Chie Hirabayashi, Ryo Yokota, Hirotake Ishigaki, Tomonobu Akuzawa, Hiroshi Togashi, Ryoya Yamada, Yuki Takabayashi, Tomoya Int J Environ Res Public Health Article This study investigated the relationship between changes in foot characteristics and sex differences during the menstrual cycle in healthy male and female university students. We examined 10 female subjects and 14 male subjects. The menstrual cycle was divided into the three phases: the early follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase via basal body temperature, an ovulation kit, and salivary estradiol and progesterone concentration measurements. Foot characteristics required for the calculation of the arch height index (AHI) were measured using a three-dimensional foot scanner under conditions of 10% and 50% weight-bearing loads. Arch height at 50% of foot length and truncated foot length were measured, and AHI was calculated by dividing arch height by truncated foot length. Arch height flexibility (AHF) was defined as the change in arch height from 10% weight-bearing load to 50% weight-bearing load. AHI was significantly lower in females than in males in the early follicular and ovulatory phases but did not differ significantly between males and females in each phase. AHF did not differ significantly between males and females in each phase. AHI and AHF showed no periodic fluctuation, suggesting that sex differences in AHF may be absent. MDPI 2022-12-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9819586/ /pubmed/36612829 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010509 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Edama, Mutsuaki Ohya, Tae Maruyama, Sae Shagawa, Mayuu Sekine, Chie Hirabayashi, Ryo Yokota, Hirotake Ishigaki, Tomonobu Akuzawa, Hiroshi Togashi, Ryoya Yamada, Yuki Takabayashi, Tomoya Relationship between Changes in Foot Arch and Sex Differences during the Menstrual Cycle |
title | Relationship between Changes in Foot Arch and Sex Differences during the Menstrual Cycle |
title_full | Relationship between Changes in Foot Arch and Sex Differences during the Menstrual Cycle |
title_fullStr | Relationship between Changes in Foot Arch and Sex Differences during the Menstrual Cycle |
title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between Changes in Foot Arch and Sex Differences during the Menstrual Cycle |
title_short | Relationship between Changes in Foot Arch and Sex Differences during the Menstrual Cycle |
title_sort | relationship between changes in foot arch and sex differences during the menstrual cycle |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9819586/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36612829 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010509 |
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