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Risk Assessment of Depression amongst Women during Menopause before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
During menopause, the risk of depression is 2–5 times greater than pre- or post-menopause. To assess the risk of depression amongst menopausal women in 2006, compared with 2021 (i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic), we recruited female volunteers at least 40 years old to complete the menopause rating...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9819991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36612916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010596 |
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author | Kułak-Bejda, Agnieszka Krajewska-Ferishah, Katarzyna Szyszko-Perłowska, Agnieszka Waszkiewicz, Napoleon |
author_facet | Kułak-Bejda, Agnieszka Krajewska-Ferishah, Katarzyna Szyszko-Perłowska, Agnieszka Waszkiewicz, Napoleon |
author_sort | Kułak-Bejda, Agnieszka |
collection | PubMed |
description | During menopause, the risk of depression is 2–5 times greater than pre- or post-menopause. To assess the risk of depression amongst menopausal women in 2006, compared with 2021 (i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic), we recruited female volunteers at least 40 years old to complete the menopause rating scale (MRS), the Blatt–Kupperman menopausal index (BKMI), and the Beck depression inventory. Compared with 2006, in 2021, the number of participants who experienced mild, moderate, and severe menopausal symptoms rose by 8%, 1.9%, and 3.2%, respectively. Moreover, the frequency of using hormone replacement therapy rose by 5.1%, feelings of mistrust by 16%, feelings of guilt by 11%, disposition to cry by 25%, mood swings by 12%, and suicidal ideation by 9%, whilst the average body weight and body mass index fell by 5.1 kg and 2.3%, respectively. In 2006 and 2021, 46.3% and 59.3% of participants experienced moderate depression, whereas 3.0% and 5.2% experienced severe depression. The number of participants who denied needing support during menopause decreased by 14.6%, whereas the demand for support from husbands and friends increased by 18.3% and 9.8%, respectively. In 2021, the number of participants who experienced menopausal symptoms, a loss of trust, self-blame, a tendency to cry, mood swings, suicidal ideation, and anxiety also increased compared with 2006, whilst the number of participants without depressive symptoms decreased, but with suspected mild or severe depression increased. Last, menopausal complaints caused an increase in depressive mood in 2021, as evaluated using the BKMI and MRS. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9819991 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98199912023-01-07 Risk Assessment of Depression amongst Women during Menopause before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic Kułak-Bejda, Agnieszka Krajewska-Ferishah, Katarzyna Szyszko-Perłowska, Agnieszka Waszkiewicz, Napoleon Int J Environ Res Public Health Article During menopause, the risk of depression is 2–5 times greater than pre- or post-menopause. To assess the risk of depression amongst menopausal women in 2006, compared with 2021 (i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic), we recruited female volunteers at least 40 years old to complete the menopause rating scale (MRS), the Blatt–Kupperman menopausal index (BKMI), and the Beck depression inventory. Compared with 2006, in 2021, the number of participants who experienced mild, moderate, and severe menopausal symptoms rose by 8%, 1.9%, and 3.2%, respectively. Moreover, the frequency of using hormone replacement therapy rose by 5.1%, feelings of mistrust by 16%, feelings of guilt by 11%, disposition to cry by 25%, mood swings by 12%, and suicidal ideation by 9%, whilst the average body weight and body mass index fell by 5.1 kg and 2.3%, respectively. In 2006 and 2021, 46.3% and 59.3% of participants experienced moderate depression, whereas 3.0% and 5.2% experienced severe depression. The number of participants who denied needing support during menopause decreased by 14.6%, whereas the demand for support from husbands and friends increased by 18.3% and 9.8%, respectively. In 2021, the number of participants who experienced menopausal symptoms, a loss of trust, self-blame, a tendency to cry, mood swings, suicidal ideation, and anxiety also increased compared with 2006, whilst the number of participants without depressive symptoms decreased, but with suspected mild or severe depression increased. Last, menopausal complaints caused an increase in depressive mood in 2021, as evaluated using the BKMI and MRS. MDPI 2022-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9819991/ /pubmed/36612916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010596 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kułak-Bejda, Agnieszka Krajewska-Ferishah, Katarzyna Szyszko-Perłowska, Agnieszka Waszkiewicz, Napoleon Risk Assessment of Depression amongst Women during Menopause before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
title | Risk Assessment of Depression amongst Women during Menopause before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
title_full | Risk Assessment of Depression amongst Women during Menopause before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
title_fullStr | Risk Assessment of Depression amongst Women during Menopause before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
title_full_unstemmed | Risk Assessment of Depression amongst Women during Menopause before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
title_short | Risk Assessment of Depression amongst Women during Menopause before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
title_sort | risk assessment of depression amongst women during menopause before and during the covid-19 pandemic |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9819991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36612916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010596 |
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