Quo Vadis, Amadeo Hand Robot? A Randomized Study with a Hand Recovery Predictive Model in Subacute Stroke

Background. Early identification of hand-prognosis-factors at patient’s admission could help to select optimal synergistic rehabilitation programs based on conventional (COHT) or robot-assisted (RAT) therapies. Methods. In this bi-phase cross-over prospective study, 58 stroke patients were enrolled in two randomized groups. Both groups received same treatments A + B (A = 36 COHT sessions for 10 weeks; B = 36 RAT sessions for 10 weeks; 45 min/session; 3 to 5 times per week). Outcome repeated measures by blinded assessors included FMUL, BBT, NHPT, Amadeo Robot (AHR) and AMPS. Statistical comparisons by Pearson’s rank correlations and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni posthoc tests, with size effects and statistic power, were reported. Multiple backward linear regression models were used to predict the variability of sensorimotor and functional outcomes.Results. Isolated COHT or RAT treatments improved hand function at 3 months. While “higher hand paresis at admission” affected to sensorimotor and functional outcomes, “laterality of injury” did not seem to affect the recovery of the hand. Kinetic-kinematic parameters of robot allowed creating a predictive model of hand recovery at 3 and 6 months from 1st session. Conclusions. Hand impairment is an important factor in define sensorimotor and functional outcomes, but not lesion laterality, to predict hand recovery.