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The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Testes and Epididymis
The mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) is the primary innate immune cell group in male reproductive tissues, maintaining the balance of pro-inflammatory and immune tolerance. This article aims to outline the role of mononuclear macrophages in the immune balance of the testes and epididymis, and to...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9820352/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36613494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010053 |
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author | Shi, Xu Zhao, Hu Kang, Yafei Dong, Xinyi Yu, Caiqian Xie, Qinying Duan, Yonggang Liao, Aihua Huang, Donghui |
author_facet | Shi, Xu Zhao, Hu Kang, Yafei Dong, Xinyi Yu, Caiqian Xie, Qinying Duan, Yonggang Liao, Aihua Huang, Donghui |
author_sort | Shi, Xu |
collection | PubMed |
description | The mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) is the primary innate immune cell group in male reproductive tissues, maintaining the balance of pro-inflammatory and immune tolerance. This article aims to outline the role of mononuclear macrophages in the immune balance of the testes and epididymis, and to understand the inner immune regulation mechanism. A review of pertinent publications was performed using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases on all articles published prior to January 2021. Search terms were based on the following keywords: ‘MPS’, ‘mononuclear phagocytes’, ‘testes’, ‘epididymis’, ‘macrophage’, ‘Mφ’, ‘dendritic cell’, ‘DC’, ‘TLR’, ‘immune’, ‘inflammation’, and ‘polarization’. Additionally, reference lists of primary and review articles were reviewed for other publications of relevance. This review concluded that MPS exhibits a precise balance in the male reproductive system. In the testes, MPS cells are mainly suppressed subtypes (M2 and cDC2) under physiological conditions, which maintain the local immune tolerance. Under pathological conditions, MPS cells will transform into M1 and cDC1, producing various cytokines, and will activate T cell specific immunity as defense to foreign pathogens or self-antigens. In the epididymis, MPS cells vary in the different segments, which express immune tolerance in the caput and pro-inflammatory condition in the cauda. Collectively, MPS is the control point for maintaining the immune tolerance of the testes and epididymis as well as for eliminating pathogens. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9820352 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98203522023-01-07 The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Testes and Epididymis Shi, Xu Zhao, Hu Kang, Yafei Dong, Xinyi Yu, Caiqian Xie, Qinying Duan, Yonggang Liao, Aihua Huang, Donghui Int J Mol Sci Review The mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) is the primary innate immune cell group in male reproductive tissues, maintaining the balance of pro-inflammatory and immune tolerance. This article aims to outline the role of mononuclear macrophages in the immune balance of the testes and epididymis, and to understand the inner immune regulation mechanism. A review of pertinent publications was performed using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases on all articles published prior to January 2021. Search terms were based on the following keywords: ‘MPS’, ‘mononuclear phagocytes’, ‘testes’, ‘epididymis’, ‘macrophage’, ‘Mφ’, ‘dendritic cell’, ‘DC’, ‘TLR’, ‘immune’, ‘inflammation’, and ‘polarization’. Additionally, reference lists of primary and review articles were reviewed for other publications of relevance. This review concluded that MPS exhibits a precise balance in the male reproductive system. In the testes, MPS cells are mainly suppressed subtypes (M2 and cDC2) under physiological conditions, which maintain the local immune tolerance. Under pathological conditions, MPS cells will transform into M1 and cDC1, producing various cytokines, and will activate T cell specific immunity as defense to foreign pathogens or self-antigens. In the epididymis, MPS cells vary in the different segments, which express immune tolerance in the caput and pro-inflammatory condition in the cauda. Collectively, MPS is the control point for maintaining the immune tolerance of the testes and epididymis as well as for eliminating pathogens. MDPI 2022-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9820352/ /pubmed/36613494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010053 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Shi, Xu Zhao, Hu Kang, Yafei Dong, Xinyi Yu, Caiqian Xie, Qinying Duan, Yonggang Liao, Aihua Huang, Donghui The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Testes and Epididymis |
title | The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Testes and Epididymis |
title_full | The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Testes and Epididymis |
title_fullStr | The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Testes and Epididymis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Testes and Epididymis |
title_short | The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Testes and Epididymis |
title_sort | role of mononuclear phagocytes in the testes and epididymis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9820352/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36613494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010053 |
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