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Stellate Trichomes in Dionaea muscipula Ellis (Venus Flytrap) Traps, Structure and Functions

The digestive organs of carnivorous plants have external (abaxial) glands and trichomes, which perform various functions. Dionaea muscipula Ellis (the Venus flytrap) is a model carnivorous plant species whose traps are covered by external trichomes. The aim of the study was to fill in the gap regard...

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Autores principales: Płachno, Bartosz J., Kapusta, Małgorzata, Stolarczyk, Piotr, Świątek, Piotr
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9820793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36613996
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010553
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author Płachno, Bartosz J.
Kapusta, Małgorzata
Stolarczyk, Piotr
Świątek, Piotr
author_facet Płachno, Bartosz J.
Kapusta, Małgorzata
Stolarczyk, Piotr
Świątek, Piotr
author_sort Płachno, Bartosz J.
collection PubMed
description The digestive organs of carnivorous plants have external (abaxial) glands and trichomes, which perform various functions. Dionaea muscipula Ellis (the Venus flytrap) is a model carnivorous plant species whose traps are covered by external trichomes. The aim of the study was to fill in the gap regarding the structure of the stellate outer trichomes and their immunocytochemistry and to determine whether these data support the suggestions of other authors about the roles of these trichomes. Light and electron microscopy was used to show the trichomes’ structure. Fluorescence microscopy was used to locate the carbohydrate epitopes that are associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The endodermal cells and internal head cells of the trichomes were differentiated as transfer cells, and this supports the idea that stellate trichomes transport solutes and are not only tomentose-like trichomes. Trichome cells differ in the composition of their cell walls, e.g., the cell walls of the internal head cells are enriched with arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). The cell walls of the outer head cells are poor in both low and highly homogalacturonans (HGs), but the immature trichomes are rich in the pectic polysaccharide (1–4)–β-D-galactan. In the immature traps, young stellate trichomes produce mucilage which may protect the trap surface, and in particular, the trap entrance. However, the role of these trichomes is different when the outer head cells collapse. In the internal head cells, a thick secondary wall cell was deposited, which together with the thick cell walls of the outer head cells played the role of a large apoplastic space. This may suggest that mature stellate trichomes might function as hydathodes, but this should be experimentally proven.
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spelling pubmed-98207932023-01-07 Stellate Trichomes in Dionaea muscipula Ellis (Venus Flytrap) Traps, Structure and Functions Płachno, Bartosz J. Kapusta, Małgorzata Stolarczyk, Piotr Świątek, Piotr Int J Mol Sci Article The digestive organs of carnivorous plants have external (abaxial) glands and trichomes, which perform various functions. Dionaea muscipula Ellis (the Venus flytrap) is a model carnivorous plant species whose traps are covered by external trichomes. The aim of the study was to fill in the gap regarding the structure of the stellate outer trichomes and their immunocytochemistry and to determine whether these data support the suggestions of other authors about the roles of these trichomes. Light and electron microscopy was used to show the trichomes’ structure. Fluorescence microscopy was used to locate the carbohydrate epitopes that are associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The endodermal cells and internal head cells of the trichomes were differentiated as transfer cells, and this supports the idea that stellate trichomes transport solutes and are not only tomentose-like trichomes. Trichome cells differ in the composition of their cell walls, e.g., the cell walls of the internal head cells are enriched with arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). The cell walls of the outer head cells are poor in both low and highly homogalacturonans (HGs), but the immature trichomes are rich in the pectic polysaccharide (1–4)–β-D-galactan. In the immature traps, young stellate trichomes produce mucilage which may protect the trap surface, and in particular, the trap entrance. However, the role of these trichomes is different when the outer head cells collapse. In the internal head cells, a thick secondary wall cell was deposited, which together with the thick cell walls of the outer head cells played the role of a large apoplastic space. This may suggest that mature stellate trichomes might function as hydathodes, but this should be experimentally proven. MDPI 2022-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9820793/ /pubmed/36613996 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010553 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Płachno, Bartosz J.
Kapusta, Małgorzata
Stolarczyk, Piotr
Świątek, Piotr
Stellate Trichomes in Dionaea muscipula Ellis (Venus Flytrap) Traps, Structure and Functions
title Stellate Trichomes in Dionaea muscipula Ellis (Venus Flytrap) Traps, Structure and Functions
title_full Stellate Trichomes in Dionaea muscipula Ellis (Venus Flytrap) Traps, Structure and Functions
title_fullStr Stellate Trichomes in Dionaea muscipula Ellis (Venus Flytrap) Traps, Structure and Functions
title_full_unstemmed Stellate Trichomes in Dionaea muscipula Ellis (Venus Flytrap) Traps, Structure and Functions
title_short Stellate Trichomes in Dionaea muscipula Ellis (Venus Flytrap) Traps, Structure and Functions
title_sort stellate trichomes in dionaea muscipula ellis (venus flytrap) traps, structure and functions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9820793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36613996
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010553
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