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Auditory interaction between runners: Does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners?
This study aimed to investigate the effect of footsteps of a neighboring runner (NR) on the main runner’s step frequency (SF), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The participants were male long-distance runners belonging to a university track and field team. Two experiments wer...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9821460/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36608023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280147 |
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author | Furukawa, Hiroaki Kudo, Kazutoshi Kubo, Kota Ding, Jingwei Saito, Atsushi |
author_facet | Furukawa, Hiroaki Kudo, Kazutoshi Kubo, Kota Ding, Jingwei Saito, Atsushi |
author_sort | Furukawa, Hiroaki |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study aimed to investigate the effect of footsteps of a neighboring runner (NR) on the main runner’s step frequency (SF), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The participants were male long-distance runners belonging to a university track and field team. Two experiments were conducted in which the main runner (participant) and NR (examiner) ran with the same running speed on two adjacent treadmills separated by a thin wall. The participants were instructed that the experimental purpose was to investigate the HR when running with others and running alone. In Experiment 1, NR performed three trials of changing the footstep tempo in 5 bpm (beat per minute) faster (+5bpmFS), 5 bpm slower (-5bpmFS), or no footsteps (NF) conditions. The results showed that the footstep condition affected the variability of the SF but not the mean SF. Next, Experiment 2 was conducted by increasing the footstep tempo condition. NR performed seven trials of changing the footstep tempo by ±3 bpm, ±5 bpm, ±10 bpm, or no footstep. The results showed that the footstep condition affected the mean SF and the SF decreased at -10bpmFS compared to NF. There were no differences in the HR and RPE between conditions. These results indicated that the footsteps of NR could influence the SF, although it was unclear whether footsteps were involved in the synchronization between runners. Overall, our findings emphasize the environmental factors that influence running behavior, including the NR’s footsteps. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9821460 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98214602023-01-07 Auditory interaction between runners: Does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners? Furukawa, Hiroaki Kudo, Kazutoshi Kubo, Kota Ding, Jingwei Saito, Atsushi PLoS One Research Article This study aimed to investigate the effect of footsteps of a neighboring runner (NR) on the main runner’s step frequency (SF), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The participants were male long-distance runners belonging to a university track and field team. Two experiments were conducted in which the main runner (participant) and NR (examiner) ran with the same running speed on two adjacent treadmills separated by a thin wall. The participants were instructed that the experimental purpose was to investigate the HR when running with others and running alone. In Experiment 1, NR performed three trials of changing the footstep tempo in 5 bpm (beat per minute) faster (+5bpmFS), 5 bpm slower (-5bpmFS), or no footsteps (NF) conditions. The results showed that the footstep condition affected the variability of the SF but not the mean SF. Next, Experiment 2 was conducted by increasing the footstep tempo condition. NR performed seven trials of changing the footstep tempo by ±3 bpm, ±5 bpm, ±10 bpm, or no footstep. The results showed that the footstep condition affected the mean SF and the SF decreased at -10bpmFS compared to NF. There were no differences in the HR and RPE between conditions. These results indicated that the footsteps of NR could influence the SF, although it was unclear whether footsteps were involved in the synchronization between runners. Overall, our findings emphasize the environmental factors that influence running behavior, including the NR’s footsteps. Public Library of Science 2023-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9821460/ /pubmed/36608023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280147 Text en © 2023 Furukawa et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Furukawa, Hiroaki Kudo, Kazutoshi Kubo, Kota Ding, Jingwei Saito, Atsushi Auditory interaction between runners: Does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners? |
title | Auditory interaction between runners: Does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners? |
title_full | Auditory interaction between runners: Does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners? |
title_fullStr | Auditory interaction between runners: Does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners? |
title_full_unstemmed | Auditory interaction between runners: Does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners? |
title_short | Auditory interaction between runners: Does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners? |
title_sort | auditory interaction between runners: does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners? |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9821460/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36608023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280147 |
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