Numerical Simulation of Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Stress in Lightweight Refractory Concrete with Cenospheres

The main objective of this paper was to investigate the heat transfer of modified lightweight refractory concrete at the microscopic scale. In this work, such material was treated as a porous composite based on the compound of calcium aluminate cement and aluminosilicate cenospheres. The presence of air inclusions within the cenospheres was an essential factor in the reduction in thermal performance. Due to the intricacy of the subject investigated, our research employed numerical, theoretical, and experimental approaches. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was performed to study the composite microstructure with a special focus on geometry, dimensions, and the distribution of cenospheres. Based on the experimental analysis, simplified geometrical models were generated to reproduce the main features of the composite matrix and cenospheres. A finite element framework was used to determine the effective thermal conductivity of such domains as well as the thermal stresses generated in the sample during the heat flow. A considerable difference in thermal properties was revealed by comparing the simulation results of the pure composite matrix and the samples, indicating a varying arrangement of cenosphere particles. The numerical results were complemented by a theoretical study that applied analytical models derived from the two-phase mixture theory—parallel and Landauer. A satisfactory agreement between numerical and theoretical results was achieved; however, the extension of both presented approaches is required.