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Hot mixing: Mechanistic insights into the durability of ancient Roman concrete

Ancient Roman concretes have survived millennia, but mechanistic insights into their durability remain an enigma. Here, we use a multiscale correlative elemental and chemical mapping approach to investigating relict lime clasts, a ubiquitous and conspicuous mineral component associated with ancient...

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Autores principales: Seymour, Linda M., Maragh, Janille, Sabatini, Paolo, Di Tommaso, Michel, Weaver, James C., Masic, Admir
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Association for the Advancement of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9821858/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36608117
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add1602
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author Seymour, Linda M.
Maragh, Janille
Sabatini, Paolo
Di Tommaso, Michel
Weaver, James C.
Masic, Admir
author_facet Seymour, Linda M.
Maragh, Janille
Sabatini, Paolo
Di Tommaso, Michel
Weaver, James C.
Masic, Admir
author_sort Seymour, Linda M.
collection PubMed
description Ancient Roman concretes have survived millennia, but mechanistic insights into their durability remain an enigma. Here, we use a multiscale correlative elemental and chemical mapping approach to investigating relict lime clasts, a ubiquitous and conspicuous mineral component associated with ancient Roman mortars. Together, these analyses provide new insights into mortar preparation methodologies and provide evidence that the Romans employed hot mixing, using quicklime in conjunction with, or instead of, slaked lime, to create an environment where high surface area aggregate-scale lime clasts are retained within the mortar matrix. Inspired by these findings, we propose that these macroscopic inclusions might serve as critical sources of reactive calcium for long-term pore and crack-filling or post-pozzolanic reactivity within the cementitious constructs. The subsequent development and testing of modern lime clast–containing cementitious mixtures demonstrate their self-healing potential, thus paving the way for the development of more durable, resilient, and sustainable concrete formulations.
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spelling pubmed-98218582023-01-18 Hot mixing: Mechanistic insights into the durability of ancient Roman concrete Seymour, Linda M. Maragh, Janille Sabatini, Paolo Di Tommaso, Michel Weaver, James C. Masic, Admir Sci Adv Physical and Materials Sciences Ancient Roman concretes have survived millennia, but mechanistic insights into their durability remain an enigma. Here, we use a multiscale correlative elemental and chemical mapping approach to investigating relict lime clasts, a ubiquitous and conspicuous mineral component associated with ancient Roman mortars. Together, these analyses provide new insights into mortar preparation methodologies and provide evidence that the Romans employed hot mixing, using quicklime in conjunction with, or instead of, slaked lime, to create an environment where high surface area aggregate-scale lime clasts are retained within the mortar matrix. Inspired by these findings, we propose that these macroscopic inclusions might serve as critical sources of reactive calcium for long-term pore and crack-filling or post-pozzolanic reactivity within the cementitious constructs. The subsequent development and testing of modern lime clast–containing cementitious mixtures demonstrate their self-healing potential, thus paving the way for the development of more durable, resilient, and sustainable concrete formulations. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2023-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9821858/ /pubmed/36608117 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add1602 Text en Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Physical and Materials Sciences
Seymour, Linda M.
Maragh, Janille
Sabatini, Paolo
Di Tommaso, Michel
Weaver, James C.
Masic, Admir
Hot mixing: Mechanistic insights into the durability of ancient Roman concrete
title Hot mixing: Mechanistic insights into the durability of ancient Roman concrete
title_full Hot mixing: Mechanistic insights into the durability of ancient Roman concrete
title_fullStr Hot mixing: Mechanistic insights into the durability of ancient Roman concrete
title_full_unstemmed Hot mixing: Mechanistic insights into the durability of ancient Roman concrete
title_short Hot mixing: Mechanistic insights into the durability of ancient Roman concrete
title_sort hot mixing: mechanistic insights into the durability of ancient roman concrete
topic Physical and Materials Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9821858/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36608117
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add1602
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