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Saffron Characterization by a Multidisciplinary Approach
Saffron is a spice obtained from the drying process of the stigmas of the flower Crocus sativus Linnaeus. It is well known that the organoleptic characteristics of this spice are closely linked to the production area and harvesting year. The present work aims to evaluate whether saffron samples prod...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9822209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36615243 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010042 |
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author | Spinelli, Michele Biancolillo, Alessandra Battaglia, Gennaro Foschi, Martina Amoresano, Angela Maggi, Maria Anna |
author_facet | Spinelli, Michele Biancolillo, Alessandra Battaglia, Gennaro Foschi, Martina Amoresano, Angela Maggi, Maria Anna |
author_sort | Spinelli, Michele |
collection | PubMed |
description | Saffron is a spice obtained from the drying process of the stigmas of the flower Crocus sativus Linnaeus. It is well known that the organoleptic characteristics of this spice are closely linked to the production area and harvesting year. The present work aims to evaluate whether saffron samples produced in different years and origins present sensibly different crocin profiles. To achieve this goal, 120 saffron samples were harvested between 2016 and 2020 in four different Italian areas. The crocins were analysed, identified, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Subsequently, ANOVA–simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) was used to evaluate whether the origin and annuity significantly affected the composition of the crocins. ASCA confirmed the relevance of these effects. Eventually, soft independent modelling by class analogy (SIMCA) models were created for each of the four different origins. Mixtures of saffron from different areas were also prepared to test the robustness of the models. SIMCA provided satisfying results; in fact, models provided 100% sensitivity for three origins (Cascia, Sardinia, and Città della Pieve) on the external test set (48 samples) and 88% (sensitivity on the external test set) for the Spoleto class. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9822209 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98222092023-01-07 Saffron Characterization by a Multidisciplinary Approach Spinelli, Michele Biancolillo, Alessandra Battaglia, Gennaro Foschi, Martina Amoresano, Angela Maggi, Maria Anna Molecules Article Saffron is a spice obtained from the drying process of the stigmas of the flower Crocus sativus Linnaeus. It is well known that the organoleptic characteristics of this spice are closely linked to the production area and harvesting year. The present work aims to evaluate whether saffron samples produced in different years and origins present sensibly different crocin profiles. To achieve this goal, 120 saffron samples were harvested between 2016 and 2020 in four different Italian areas. The crocins were analysed, identified, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Subsequently, ANOVA–simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) was used to evaluate whether the origin and annuity significantly affected the composition of the crocins. ASCA confirmed the relevance of these effects. Eventually, soft independent modelling by class analogy (SIMCA) models were created for each of the four different origins. Mixtures of saffron from different areas were also prepared to test the robustness of the models. SIMCA provided satisfying results; in fact, models provided 100% sensitivity for three origins (Cascia, Sardinia, and Città della Pieve) on the external test set (48 samples) and 88% (sensitivity on the external test set) for the Spoleto class. MDPI 2022-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9822209/ /pubmed/36615243 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010042 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Spinelli, Michele Biancolillo, Alessandra Battaglia, Gennaro Foschi, Martina Amoresano, Angela Maggi, Maria Anna Saffron Characterization by a Multidisciplinary Approach |
title | Saffron Characterization by a Multidisciplinary Approach |
title_full | Saffron Characterization by a Multidisciplinary Approach |
title_fullStr | Saffron Characterization by a Multidisciplinary Approach |
title_full_unstemmed | Saffron Characterization by a Multidisciplinary Approach |
title_short | Saffron Characterization by a Multidisciplinary Approach |
title_sort | saffron characterization by a multidisciplinary approach |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9822209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36615243 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010042 |
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