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Vaccine-based clinical protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the humoral immune response: A 1-year follow-up study of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving ocrelizumab

INTRODUCTION: Given the varying severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the rapid spread of Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome-Corona-Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccine-mediated protection of particularly vulnerable individuals has gained increasing attention during the course of the pandemic....

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Autores principales: Räuber, Saskia, Willison, Alice, Korsen, Melanie, Kölsche, Tristan, Golombeck, Kristin S., Plaack, Benedikt, Schüller, Julia, Huntemann, Niklas, Rolfes, Leoni, Schroeter, Christina B., Nelke, Christopher, Regner-Nelke, Liesa, Förster, Moritz, Ringelstein, Marius, Barnett, Michael Harry, Hartung, Hans-Peter, Aktas, Orhan, Albrecht, Philipp, Ruck, Tobias, Melzer, Nico, Meuth, Sven G., Kremer, David
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9822773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36618356
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037214
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author Räuber, Saskia
Willison, Alice
Korsen, Melanie
Kölsche, Tristan
Golombeck, Kristin S.
Plaack, Benedikt
Schüller, Julia
Huntemann, Niklas
Rolfes, Leoni
Schroeter, Christina B.
Nelke, Christopher
Regner-Nelke, Liesa
Förster, Moritz
Ringelstein, Marius
Barnett, Michael Harry
Hartung, Hans-Peter
Aktas, Orhan
Albrecht, Philipp
Ruck, Tobias
Melzer, Nico
Meuth, Sven G.
Kremer, David
author_facet Räuber, Saskia
Willison, Alice
Korsen, Melanie
Kölsche, Tristan
Golombeck, Kristin S.
Plaack, Benedikt
Schüller, Julia
Huntemann, Niklas
Rolfes, Leoni
Schroeter, Christina B.
Nelke, Christopher
Regner-Nelke, Liesa
Förster, Moritz
Ringelstein, Marius
Barnett, Michael Harry
Hartung, Hans-Peter
Aktas, Orhan
Albrecht, Philipp
Ruck, Tobias
Melzer, Nico
Meuth, Sven G.
Kremer, David
author_sort Räuber, Saskia
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Given the varying severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the rapid spread of Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome-Corona-Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccine-mediated protection of particularly vulnerable individuals has gained increasing attention during the course of the pandemic. METHODS: We performed a 1-year follow-up study of 51 ocrelizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis (OCR-pwMS) who received COVID-19 vaccination in 2021. We retrospectively identified 37 additional OCR-pwMS, 42 pwMS receiving natalizumab, 27 pwMS receiving sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators, 59 pwMS without a disease-modifying therapy, and 61 controls without MS (HC). In OCR-pwMS, anti-SARS-CoV-2(S)-antibody titers were measured prior to the first and after the second, third, and fourth vaccine doses (pv2/3/4). The SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response was analyzed pv2. SARS-CoV-2 infection status, COVID-19 disease severity, and vaccination-related adverse events were assessed in all pwMS and HC. RESULTS: We found a pronounced and increasing anti-SARS-CoV-2(S)-antibody response after COVID-19 booster vaccinations in OCR-pwMS (pv2: 30.4%, pv3: 56.5%, and pv4 90.0% were antibody positive). More than one third of OCR-pwMS without detectable antibodies pv2 developed positive antibodies pv3. 23.5% of OCR-pwMS had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which 84.2% were symptomatic. Infection rates were comparable between OCR-pwMS and control groups. None of the pwMS had severe COVID-19. An attenuated humoral immune response was not associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. DISCUSSION: Additional COVID-19 vaccinations can boost the humoral immune response in OCR-pwMS and improve clinical protection against COVID-19. Vaccines effectively protect even OCR-pwMS without a detectable COVID-19 specific humoral immune response, indicating compensatory, e.g., T cell-mediated immunological mechanisms.
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spelling pubmed-98227732023-01-07 Vaccine-based clinical protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the humoral immune response: A 1-year follow-up study of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving ocrelizumab Räuber, Saskia Willison, Alice Korsen, Melanie Kölsche, Tristan Golombeck, Kristin S. Plaack, Benedikt Schüller, Julia Huntemann, Niklas Rolfes, Leoni Schroeter, Christina B. Nelke, Christopher Regner-Nelke, Liesa Förster, Moritz Ringelstein, Marius Barnett, Michael Harry Hartung, Hans-Peter Aktas, Orhan Albrecht, Philipp Ruck, Tobias Melzer, Nico Meuth, Sven G. Kremer, David Front Immunol Immunology INTRODUCTION: Given the varying severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the rapid spread of Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome-Corona-Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccine-mediated protection of particularly vulnerable individuals has gained increasing attention during the course of the pandemic. METHODS: We performed a 1-year follow-up study of 51 ocrelizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis (OCR-pwMS) who received COVID-19 vaccination in 2021. We retrospectively identified 37 additional OCR-pwMS, 42 pwMS receiving natalizumab, 27 pwMS receiving sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators, 59 pwMS without a disease-modifying therapy, and 61 controls without MS (HC). In OCR-pwMS, anti-SARS-CoV-2(S)-antibody titers were measured prior to the first and after the second, third, and fourth vaccine doses (pv2/3/4). The SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response was analyzed pv2. SARS-CoV-2 infection status, COVID-19 disease severity, and vaccination-related adverse events were assessed in all pwMS and HC. RESULTS: We found a pronounced and increasing anti-SARS-CoV-2(S)-antibody response after COVID-19 booster vaccinations in OCR-pwMS (pv2: 30.4%, pv3: 56.5%, and pv4 90.0% were antibody positive). More than one third of OCR-pwMS without detectable antibodies pv2 developed positive antibodies pv3. 23.5% of OCR-pwMS had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which 84.2% were symptomatic. Infection rates were comparable between OCR-pwMS and control groups. None of the pwMS had severe COVID-19. An attenuated humoral immune response was not associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. DISCUSSION: Additional COVID-19 vaccinations can boost the humoral immune response in OCR-pwMS and improve clinical protection against COVID-19. Vaccines effectively protect even OCR-pwMS without a detectable COVID-19 specific humoral immune response, indicating compensatory, e.g., T cell-mediated immunological mechanisms. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9822773/ /pubmed/36618356 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037214 Text en Copyright © 2022 Räuber, Willison, Korsen, Kölsche, Golombeck, Plaack, Schüller, Huntemann, Rolfes, Schroeter, Nelke, Regner-Nelke, Förster, Ringelstein, Barnett, Hartung, Aktas, Albrecht, Ruck, Melzer, Meuth and Kremer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Räuber, Saskia
Willison, Alice
Korsen, Melanie
Kölsche, Tristan
Golombeck, Kristin S.
Plaack, Benedikt
Schüller, Julia
Huntemann, Niklas
Rolfes, Leoni
Schroeter, Christina B.
Nelke, Christopher
Regner-Nelke, Liesa
Förster, Moritz
Ringelstein, Marius
Barnett, Michael Harry
Hartung, Hans-Peter
Aktas, Orhan
Albrecht, Philipp
Ruck, Tobias
Melzer, Nico
Meuth, Sven G.
Kremer, David
Vaccine-based clinical protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the humoral immune response: A 1-year follow-up study of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving ocrelizumab
title Vaccine-based clinical protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the humoral immune response: A 1-year follow-up study of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving ocrelizumab
title_full Vaccine-based clinical protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the humoral immune response: A 1-year follow-up study of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving ocrelizumab
title_fullStr Vaccine-based clinical protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the humoral immune response: A 1-year follow-up study of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving ocrelizumab
title_full_unstemmed Vaccine-based clinical protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the humoral immune response: A 1-year follow-up study of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving ocrelizumab
title_short Vaccine-based clinical protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the humoral immune response: A 1-year follow-up study of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving ocrelizumab
title_sort vaccine-based clinical protection against sars-cov-2 infection and the humoral immune response: a 1-year follow-up study of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving ocrelizumab
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9822773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36618356
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037214
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