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Step-Counting Accuracy of a Commercial Smartwatch in Mild-to-Moderate PD Patients and Effect of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, Laterality of Symptoms, Pharmacological State, and Clinical Variables

Commercial smartwatches could be useful for step counting and monitoring ambulatory activity. However, in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, an altered gait, pharmacological condition, and symptoms lateralization may affect their accuracy and potential usefulness in research and clinical routine. St...

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Autores principales: Bianchini, Edoardo, Caliò, Bianca, Alborghetti, Marika, Rinaldi, Domiziana, Hansen, Clint, Vuillerme, Nicolas, Maetzler, Walter, Pontieri, Francesco E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9823757/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36616812
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010214
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author Bianchini, Edoardo
Caliò, Bianca
Alborghetti, Marika
Rinaldi, Domiziana
Hansen, Clint
Vuillerme, Nicolas
Maetzler, Walter
Pontieri, Francesco E.
author_facet Bianchini, Edoardo
Caliò, Bianca
Alborghetti, Marika
Rinaldi, Domiziana
Hansen, Clint
Vuillerme, Nicolas
Maetzler, Walter
Pontieri, Francesco E.
author_sort Bianchini, Edoardo
collection PubMed
description Commercial smartwatches could be useful for step counting and monitoring ambulatory activity. However, in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, an altered gait, pharmacological condition, and symptoms lateralization may affect their accuracy and potential usefulness in research and clinical routine. Steps were counted during a 6 min walk in 47 patients with PD and 47 healthy subjects (HS) wearing a Garmin Vivosmart 4 (GV4) on each wrist. Manual step counting was used as a reference. An inertial sensor (BTS G-Walk), placed on the lower back, was used to compute spatial-temporal gait parameters. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used for accuracy evaluation and the Spearman test was used to assess the correlations between variables. The GV4 overestimated steps in PD patients with only a poor-to-moderate agreement. The OFF pharmacological state and wearing the device on the most-affected body side led to an unacceptable accuracy. The GV4 showed an excellent agreement and MAPE in HS at a self-selected speed, but an unacceptable performance at a slow speed. In PD patients, MAPE was not associated with gait parameters and clinical variables. The accuracy of commercial smartwatches for monitoring step counting might be reduced in PD patients and further influenced by the pharmacological condition and placement of the device.
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spelling pubmed-98237572023-01-08 Step-Counting Accuracy of a Commercial Smartwatch in Mild-to-Moderate PD Patients and Effect of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, Laterality of Symptoms, Pharmacological State, and Clinical Variables Bianchini, Edoardo Caliò, Bianca Alborghetti, Marika Rinaldi, Domiziana Hansen, Clint Vuillerme, Nicolas Maetzler, Walter Pontieri, Francesco E. Sensors (Basel) Article Commercial smartwatches could be useful for step counting and monitoring ambulatory activity. However, in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, an altered gait, pharmacological condition, and symptoms lateralization may affect their accuracy and potential usefulness in research and clinical routine. Steps were counted during a 6 min walk in 47 patients with PD and 47 healthy subjects (HS) wearing a Garmin Vivosmart 4 (GV4) on each wrist. Manual step counting was used as a reference. An inertial sensor (BTS G-Walk), placed on the lower back, was used to compute spatial-temporal gait parameters. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used for accuracy evaluation and the Spearman test was used to assess the correlations between variables. The GV4 overestimated steps in PD patients with only a poor-to-moderate agreement. The OFF pharmacological state and wearing the device on the most-affected body side led to an unacceptable accuracy. The GV4 showed an excellent agreement and MAPE in HS at a self-selected speed, but an unacceptable performance at a slow speed. In PD patients, MAPE was not associated with gait parameters and clinical variables. The accuracy of commercial smartwatches for monitoring step counting might be reduced in PD patients and further influenced by the pharmacological condition and placement of the device. MDPI 2022-12-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9823757/ /pubmed/36616812 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010214 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bianchini, Edoardo
Caliò, Bianca
Alborghetti, Marika
Rinaldi, Domiziana
Hansen, Clint
Vuillerme, Nicolas
Maetzler, Walter
Pontieri, Francesco E.
Step-Counting Accuracy of a Commercial Smartwatch in Mild-to-Moderate PD Patients and Effect of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, Laterality of Symptoms, Pharmacological State, and Clinical Variables
title Step-Counting Accuracy of a Commercial Smartwatch in Mild-to-Moderate PD Patients and Effect of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, Laterality of Symptoms, Pharmacological State, and Clinical Variables
title_full Step-Counting Accuracy of a Commercial Smartwatch in Mild-to-Moderate PD Patients and Effect of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, Laterality of Symptoms, Pharmacological State, and Clinical Variables
title_fullStr Step-Counting Accuracy of a Commercial Smartwatch in Mild-to-Moderate PD Patients and Effect of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, Laterality of Symptoms, Pharmacological State, and Clinical Variables
title_full_unstemmed Step-Counting Accuracy of a Commercial Smartwatch in Mild-to-Moderate PD Patients and Effect of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, Laterality of Symptoms, Pharmacological State, and Clinical Variables
title_short Step-Counting Accuracy of a Commercial Smartwatch in Mild-to-Moderate PD Patients and Effect of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, Laterality of Symptoms, Pharmacological State, and Clinical Variables
title_sort step-counting accuracy of a commercial smartwatch in mild-to-moderate pd patients and effect of spatiotemporal gait parameters, laterality of symptoms, pharmacological state, and clinical variables
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9823757/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36616812
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010214
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