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Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt
A high-frequency, piezoelectric thin-film sensor was successfully deposited on a nickel-based superalloy bolt by radio frequency magnetron sputtering to develop a smart, nickel-based superalloy bolt. Ultrasonic response characterization, high accuracy, and repeatability of ultrasonic measurement of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9824328/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36616818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010220 |
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author | Liu, Shuang Sun, Zhongrui Ren, Guanpin Liao, Cheng He, Xulin Luo, Kun Li, Ru Jiang, Wei Zhan, Huan |
author_facet | Liu, Shuang Sun, Zhongrui Ren, Guanpin Liao, Cheng He, Xulin Luo, Kun Li, Ru Jiang, Wei Zhan, Huan |
author_sort | Liu, Shuang |
collection | PubMed |
description | A high-frequency, piezoelectric thin-film sensor was successfully deposited on a nickel-based superalloy bolt by radio frequency magnetron sputtering to develop a smart, nickel-based superalloy bolt. Ultrasonic response characterization, high accuracy, and repeatability of ultrasonic measurement of axial preload in nickel-based superalloy smart bolts are reported here and were fully demonstrated. The axial preload in the nickel-based superalloy smart bolt was directly measured by the bi-wave method (TOF ratio between transverse and longitudinal-mode waves) without using the traditional integration of a longitudinal and shear transducer. A model concerning the bolt before and after tensioning was established to demonstrate the propagation and displacement distribution of the ultrasonic waves inside a nickel-based superalloy smart bolt. The measured A-scan signal presented significantly favorable features including a mixture of transverse and longitudinal mode waves, a pure and broad frequency spectrum which peaked at 17.14 MHz, and high measurement accuracy below 3% for tension of 4 kN–20 kN. For the temporal ultrasonic signal, the measurement envelopes were narrower than for the counterpart of the simulation, justifying the ‘filtration’ advantage of the high-frequency sensor. Both the TOF change of the single longitudinal-mode wave and the TOF ratio between transverse- and longitudinal-mode waves increased linearly with preload force in the range of 0 kN to 20 kN. Compared with the commercial piezoelectric probe, the proposed probe, based on the combination of a high-frequency, piezoelectric thin-film sensor and a magnetically mounted transducer connector, exhibited high tolerance to temperatures as high as 320 °C and high repeatability free from some interference factors such as bolt detection position change and couplant layer thickness. The results indicate that this system is a promising axial preload measurement system for high-temperature fasteners and connectors, and the proposed sensor is a practical, high-frequency ultrasonic sensor for non-destructive testing. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9824328 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98243282023-01-08 Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt Liu, Shuang Sun, Zhongrui Ren, Guanpin Liao, Cheng He, Xulin Luo, Kun Li, Ru Jiang, Wei Zhan, Huan Sensors (Basel) Article A high-frequency, piezoelectric thin-film sensor was successfully deposited on a nickel-based superalloy bolt by radio frequency magnetron sputtering to develop a smart, nickel-based superalloy bolt. Ultrasonic response characterization, high accuracy, and repeatability of ultrasonic measurement of axial preload in nickel-based superalloy smart bolts are reported here and were fully demonstrated. The axial preload in the nickel-based superalloy smart bolt was directly measured by the bi-wave method (TOF ratio between transverse and longitudinal-mode waves) without using the traditional integration of a longitudinal and shear transducer. A model concerning the bolt before and after tensioning was established to demonstrate the propagation and displacement distribution of the ultrasonic waves inside a nickel-based superalloy smart bolt. The measured A-scan signal presented significantly favorable features including a mixture of transverse and longitudinal mode waves, a pure and broad frequency spectrum which peaked at 17.14 MHz, and high measurement accuracy below 3% for tension of 4 kN–20 kN. For the temporal ultrasonic signal, the measurement envelopes were narrower than for the counterpart of the simulation, justifying the ‘filtration’ advantage of the high-frequency sensor. Both the TOF change of the single longitudinal-mode wave and the TOF ratio between transverse- and longitudinal-mode waves increased linearly with preload force in the range of 0 kN to 20 kN. Compared with the commercial piezoelectric probe, the proposed probe, based on the combination of a high-frequency, piezoelectric thin-film sensor and a magnetically mounted transducer connector, exhibited high tolerance to temperatures as high as 320 °C and high repeatability free from some interference factors such as bolt detection position change and couplant layer thickness. The results indicate that this system is a promising axial preload measurement system for high-temperature fasteners and connectors, and the proposed sensor is a practical, high-frequency ultrasonic sensor for non-destructive testing. MDPI 2022-12-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9824328/ /pubmed/36616818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010220 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Shuang Sun, Zhongrui Ren, Guanpin Liao, Cheng He, Xulin Luo, Kun Li, Ru Jiang, Wei Zhan, Huan Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt |
title | Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt |
title_full | Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt |
title_fullStr | Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt |
title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt |
title_short | Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt |
title_sort | ultrasonic measurement of axial preload in high-frequency nickel-based superalloy smart bolt |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9824328/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36616818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010220 |
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