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Detection of Water Changes in Plant Stems In Situ by the Primary Echo of Ultrasound RF with an Improved AIC Algorithm

The detection of water changes in plant stems by non-destructive online methods has become a hot spot in studying the physiological activity of plant water. In this paper, the ultrasonic radio-frequency echo (RFID) technique was used to detect water changes in stems. An algorithm (improved hybrid di...

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Autores principales: Lv, Danju, Zi, Jiali, Gao, Mingyuan, Xi, Rui, Huang, Xin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9824858/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36616618
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010020
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author Lv, Danju
Zi, Jiali
Gao, Mingyuan
Xi, Rui
Huang, Xin
author_facet Lv, Danju
Zi, Jiali
Gao, Mingyuan
Xi, Rui
Huang, Xin
author_sort Lv, Danju
collection PubMed
description The detection of water changes in plant stems by non-destructive online methods has become a hot spot in studying the physiological activity of plant water. In this paper, the ultrasonic radio-frequency echo (RFID) technique was used to detect water changes in stems. An algorithm (improved hybrid differential Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC)) was proposed to automatically compute the position of the primary ultrasonic echo of stems, which is the key parameter of water changes in stems. This method overcame the inaccurate location of the primary echo, which was caused by the anisotropic ultrasound propagation and heterogeneous stems. First of all, the improved algorithm was analyzed and its accuracy was verified by a set of simulated signals. Then, a set of cutting samples from stems were taken for ultrasonic detection in the process of water absorption. The correlation between the moisture content of stems and ultrasonic velocities was computed with the algorithm. It was found that the average correlation coefficient of the two parameters reached about 0.98. Finally, living sunflowers with different soil moistures were subjected to ultrasonic detection from 9:00 to 18:00 in situ. The results showed that the soil moisture and the primary ultrasonic echo position had a positive correlation, especially from 12:00 to 18:00; the average coefficient was 0.92. Meanwhile, our results showed that the ultrasonic detection of sunflower stems with different soil moistures was significantly distinct. Therefore, the improved AIC algorithm provided a method to effectively compute the primary echo position of limbs to help detect water changes in stems in situ.
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spelling pubmed-98248582023-01-08 Detection of Water Changes in Plant Stems In Situ by the Primary Echo of Ultrasound RF with an Improved AIC Algorithm Lv, Danju Zi, Jiali Gao, Mingyuan Xi, Rui Huang, Xin Sensors (Basel) Article The detection of water changes in plant stems by non-destructive online methods has become a hot spot in studying the physiological activity of plant water. In this paper, the ultrasonic radio-frequency echo (RFID) technique was used to detect water changes in stems. An algorithm (improved hybrid differential Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC)) was proposed to automatically compute the position of the primary ultrasonic echo of stems, which is the key parameter of water changes in stems. This method overcame the inaccurate location of the primary echo, which was caused by the anisotropic ultrasound propagation and heterogeneous stems. First of all, the improved algorithm was analyzed and its accuracy was verified by a set of simulated signals. Then, a set of cutting samples from stems were taken for ultrasonic detection in the process of water absorption. The correlation between the moisture content of stems and ultrasonic velocities was computed with the algorithm. It was found that the average correlation coefficient of the two parameters reached about 0.98. Finally, living sunflowers with different soil moistures were subjected to ultrasonic detection from 9:00 to 18:00 in situ. The results showed that the soil moisture and the primary ultrasonic echo position had a positive correlation, especially from 12:00 to 18:00; the average coefficient was 0.92. Meanwhile, our results showed that the ultrasonic detection of sunflower stems with different soil moistures was significantly distinct. Therefore, the improved AIC algorithm provided a method to effectively compute the primary echo position of limbs to help detect water changes in stems in situ. MDPI 2022-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9824858/ /pubmed/36616618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010020 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lv, Danju
Zi, Jiali
Gao, Mingyuan
Xi, Rui
Huang, Xin
Detection of Water Changes in Plant Stems In Situ by the Primary Echo of Ultrasound RF with an Improved AIC Algorithm
title Detection of Water Changes in Plant Stems In Situ by the Primary Echo of Ultrasound RF with an Improved AIC Algorithm
title_full Detection of Water Changes in Plant Stems In Situ by the Primary Echo of Ultrasound RF with an Improved AIC Algorithm
title_fullStr Detection of Water Changes in Plant Stems In Situ by the Primary Echo of Ultrasound RF with an Improved AIC Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Water Changes in Plant Stems In Situ by the Primary Echo of Ultrasound RF with an Improved AIC Algorithm
title_short Detection of Water Changes in Plant Stems In Situ by the Primary Echo of Ultrasound RF with an Improved AIC Algorithm
title_sort detection of water changes in plant stems in situ by the primary echo of ultrasound rf with an improved aic algorithm
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9824858/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36616618
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010020
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