Recurrent aortic-arch pseudoaneurysm eroding into the left main bronchus following descending thoracic aortic stent repair

BACKGROUND: Behcet's disease is a form of systematic vasculitis that affects vessels of various sizes anywhere in the body. Aortic pseudoaneurysm is the most hazardous lesion in Behcet's disease and is associated with high mortality rate once rupture. CASE PRESENTATION: In this report, we presented a patient with a known history of Behcet's disease, whose recurrent aortic-arch pseudoaneurysm eroding into the left main bronchus was identified after a 4-year duration of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for thoracic descending aortic pseudoaneurysm ruptured into the left lung. Repeated thoracic endovascular aortic repair combined with the chimney stent effectively controlled massive hemoptysis under the life-threatening circumstance, and the patient was in good condition at the 7-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair can be used as an effective and problem-solving treatment approach for thoracic aortic aneurysms eroded into the lung, even recurrent pseudoaneurysm after thoracic endovascular aortic repair in BD patients. Among the imaging methods assessing the technical success, outcome and complications, computed tomography angiography offers a fast, accessible and sensitive imaging modality.