Reproducible measurements of the δ(2)H composition of non-exchangeable hydrogen in complex organic materials using the UniPrep2 online static vapour equilibration and sample drying system

Non-exchangeable hydrogen-isotope (δ(2)H(n)) measurements of complex organic samples are used in forensics to determine sample authenticity, traceability, and provenance. However, δ(2)H(n) assays of organics are usually complicated by uncontrolled “exchangeable hydrogen” and residual moisture contamination; hence, δ(2)H(n) • Conduct reproducible controlled vapour equilibrations of complex organic samples and standards to determine the δ(2)H(n) values by controlling hydrogen-isotope exchange. • Conduct online vacuum-oven evacuation with extensive helium drying without exposure to air to reabsorb or exchange hydrogen with ambient water vapour. The protocol describes the operation of the UniPrep2 device and the step-by-step procedures needed to obtain accurate and precise δ(2)H(n) values for a wide range of organic sample types. Two analytical approaches are described in detail; the Dual-Vapour Equilibration (DVE) approach, intended for determining δ(2)H(n) for a complex organic environmental sample where matrix equivalent H isotope reference materials are not available, and the Comparative Equilibration (CE) approach, which is intended for routine high-throughput analyses of complex organic samples where at least two matrix-equivalent organic isotope reference materials with consensus δ(2)H(n) values are being used. These standard operating procedures are envisioned to be a sound basis for advancing hydrogen-isotope analysis for different organic environmental matrices and studies.