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The Potential Threat of Vertical Transmission in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection: A Systematic Review 2022
This systematic review paper aimed to assess and analyze the prevalence of maternal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) also known as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the peripartum period and its significance...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9828026/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36632271 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32366 |
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author | Allakky, Akhil Ferguson, Asila A Khan, Aujala Irfan Abuzainah, Baraa Gutlapalli, Sai Dheeraj Chaudhuri, Dipabali Khan, Kokab Irfan Al Shouli, Roba Khan, Safeera |
author_facet | Allakky, Akhil Ferguson, Asila A Khan, Aujala Irfan Abuzainah, Baraa Gutlapalli, Sai Dheeraj Chaudhuri, Dipabali Khan, Kokab Irfan Al Shouli, Roba Khan, Safeera |
author_sort | Allakky, Akhil |
collection | PubMed |
description | This systematic review paper aimed to assess and analyze the prevalence of maternal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) also known as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the peripartum period and its significance on vertical transmission to the neonate and if it is a potential threat to the health of newborns. For this, multiple databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and the database of Elsevier, were used to scout for relevant articles, and results were reported adhering to the principles set by Preferred Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines 2020. A specific medical subject headings (MeSH) criterion was designed to search for relevant publications on PubMed. A total of 26 articles were finally selected after a meticulous screening process, including detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria, manual reading of titles and abstracts, and availability of accessible full-text articles. A few articles were also selected after going through the citations section of the initially selected papers. Quality appraisal was done on the selected publications. Maternal colonization of S. aureus is determined to be highly prevalent with the hypothesis that nasal colonization had higher rates than recto-vaginal sites. Increasing maternal age, history of vaginitis, and multiparity were the most common risk factors for MRSA and MSSA colonization. Premature babies were at the highest risk of MRSA colonization. Breast milk is also a risk factor for neonatal MRSA transmission. Through this systematic review, we concluded that although the rate of vertical transmission of MRSA is lower than that of MSSA, we felt that it held significance as neonates with the bug have poor outcomes due to skin and soft tissue infections and there is spread of MRSA to other neonates in the wards and spread to siblings in cases of triplets and quadruplets and even death due to potential MRSA sepsis. Women in Africa and China had high prevalence rates of MRSA and S. aureus which can probably be attributed to a lack of access to adequate healthcare facilities. We recommend screening with regular recto-vaginal swabs and nasal swabs especially in regions with a high burden of MRSA to be performed at regular intervals after confirmation of pregnancy, as prevention and screening are effective to avoid serious complications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9828026 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98280262023-01-10 The Potential Threat of Vertical Transmission in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection: A Systematic Review 2022 Allakky, Akhil Ferguson, Asila A Khan, Aujala Irfan Abuzainah, Baraa Gutlapalli, Sai Dheeraj Chaudhuri, Dipabali Khan, Kokab Irfan Al Shouli, Roba Khan, Safeera Cureus Internal Medicine This systematic review paper aimed to assess and analyze the prevalence of maternal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) also known as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the peripartum period and its significance on vertical transmission to the neonate and if it is a potential threat to the health of newborns. For this, multiple databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and the database of Elsevier, were used to scout for relevant articles, and results were reported adhering to the principles set by Preferred Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines 2020. A specific medical subject headings (MeSH) criterion was designed to search for relevant publications on PubMed. A total of 26 articles were finally selected after a meticulous screening process, including detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria, manual reading of titles and abstracts, and availability of accessible full-text articles. A few articles were also selected after going through the citations section of the initially selected papers. Quality appraisal was done on the selected publications. Maternal colonization of S. aureus is determined to be highly prevalent with the hypothesis that nasal colonization had higher rates than recto-vaginal sites. Increasing maternal age, history of vaginitis, and multiparity were the most common risk factors for MRSA and MSSA colonization. Premature babies were at the highest risk of MRSA colonization. Breast milk is also a risk factor for neonatal MRSA transmission. Through this systematic review, we concluded that although the rate of vertical transmission of MRSA is lower than that of MSSA, we felt that it held significance as neonates with the bug have poor outcomes due to skin and soft tissue infections and there is spread of MRSA to other neonates in the wards and spread to siblings in cases of triplets and quadruplets and even death due to potential MRSA sepsis. Women in Africa and China had high prevalence rates of MRSA and S. aureus which can probably be attributed to a lack of access to adequate healthcare facilities. We recommend screening with regular recto-vaginal swabs and nasal swabs especially in regions with a high burden of MRSA to be performed at regular intervals after confirmation of pregnancy, as prevention and screening are effective to avoid serious complications. Cureus 2022-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9828026/ /pubmed/36632271 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32366 Text en Copyright © 2022, Allakky et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Internal Medicine Allakky, Akhil Ferguson, Asila A Khan, Aujala Irfan Abuzainah, Baraa Gutlapalli, Sai Dheeraj Chaudhuri, Dipabali Khan, Kokab Irfan Al Shouli, Roba Khan, Safeera The Potential Threat of Vertical Transmission in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection: A Systematic Review 2022 |
title | The Potential Threat of Vertical Transmission in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection: A Systematic Review 2022 |
title_full | The Potential Threat of Vertical Transmission in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection: A Systematic Review 2022 |
title_fullStr | The Potential Threat of Vertical Transmission in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection: A Systematic Review 2022 |
title_full_unstemmed | The Potential Threat of Vertical Transmission in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection: A Systematic Review 2022 |
title_short | The Potential Threat of Vertical Transmission in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection: A Systematic Review 2022 |
title_sort | potential threat of vertical transmission in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection: a systematic review 2022 |
topic | Internal Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9828026/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36632271 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32366 |
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