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MtING2 encodes an ING domain PHD finger protein which affects Medicago growth, flowering, global patterns of H3K4me3, and gene expression
Flowering of the reference legume Medicago truncatula is promoted by winter cold (vernalization) followed by long‐day photoperiods (VLD) similar to winter annual Arabidopsis. However, Medicago lacks FLC and CO, key regulators of Arabidopsis VLD flowering. Most plants have two INHIBITOR OF GROWTH (IN...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9828230/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36178149 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15994 |
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author | Jaudal, Mauren Mayo‐Smith, Matthew Poulet, Axel Whibley, Annabel Peng, Yongyan Zhang, Lulu Thomson, Geoffrey Trimborn, Laura Jacob, Yannick van Wolfswinkel, Josien C. Goldstone, David C. Wen, Jiangqi Mysore, Kirankumar S. Putterill, Joanna |
author_facet | Jaudal, Mauren Mayo‐Smith, Matthew Poulet, Axel Whibley, Annabel Peng, Yongyan Zhang, Lulu Thomson, Geoffrey Trimborn, Laura Jacob, Yannick van Wolfswinkel, Josien C. Goldstone, David C. Wen, Jiangqi Mysore, Kirankumar S. Putterill, Joanna |
author_sort | Jaudal, Mauren |
collection | PubMed |
description | Flowering of the reference legume Medicago truncatula is promoted by winter cold (vernalization) followed by long‐day photoperiods (VLD) similar to winter annual Arabidopsis. However, Medicago lacks FLC and CO, key regulators of Arabidopsis VLD flowering. Most plants have two INHIBITOR OF GROWTH (ING) genes (ING1 and ING2), encoding proteins with an ING domain with two anti‐parallel alpha‐helices and a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, but their genetic role has not been previously described. In Medicago, Mting1 gene‐edited mutants developed and flowered normally, but an Mting2‐1 Tnt1 insertion mutant and gene‐edited Mting2 mutants had developmental abnormalities including delayed flowering particularly in VLD, compact architecture, abnormal leaves with extra leaflets but no trichomes, and smaller seeds and barrels. Mting2 mutants had reduced expression of activators of flowering, including the FT‐like gene MtFTa1, and increased expression of the candidate repressor MtTFL1c, consistent with the delayed flowering of the mutant. MtING2 overexpression complemented Mting2‐1, but did not accelerate flowering in wild type. The MtING2 PHD finger bound H3K4me2/3 peptides weakly in vitro, but analysis of gene‐edited mutants indicated that it was dispensable to MtING2 function in wild‐type plants. RNA sequencing experiments indicated that >7000 genes are mis‐expressed in the Mting2‐1 mutant, consistent with its strong mutant phenotypes. Interestingly, ChIP‐seq analysis identified >5000 novel H3K4me3 locations in the genome of Mting2‐1 mutants compared to wild type R108. Overall, our mutant study has uncovered an important physiological role of a plant ING2 gene in development, flowering, and gene expression, which likely involves an epigenetic mechanism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9828230 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98282302023-01-10 MtING2 encodes an ING domain PHD finger protein which affects Medicago growth, flowering, global patterns of H3K4me3, and gene expression Jaudal, Mauren Mayo‐Smith, Matthew Poulet, Axel Whibley, Annabel Peng, Yongyan Zhang, Lulu Thomson, Geoffrey Trimborn, Laura Jacob, Yannick van Wolfswinkel, Josien C. Goldstone, David C. Wen, Jiangqi Mysore, Kirankumar S. Putterill, Joanna Plant J Original Articles Flowering of the reference legume Medicago truncatula is promoted by winter cold (vernalization) followed by long‐day photoperiods (VLD) similar to winter annual Arabidopsis. However, Medicago lacks FLC and CO, key regulators of Arabidopsis VLD flowering. Most plants have two INHIBITOR OF GROWTH (ING) genes (ING1 and ING2), encoding proteins with an ING domain with two anti‐parallel alpha‐helices and a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, but their genetic role has not been previously described. In Medicago, Mting1 gene‐edited mutants developed and flowered normally, but an Mting2‐1 Tnt1 insertion mutant and gene‐edited Mting2 mutants had developmental abnormalities including delayed flowering particularly in VLD, compact architecture, abnormal leaves with extra leaflets but no trichomes, and smaller seeds and barrels. Mting2 mutants had reduced expression of activators of flowering, including the FT‐like gene MtFTa1, and increased expression of the candidate repressor MtTFL1c, consistent with the delayed flowering of the mutant. MtING2 overexpression complemented Mting2‐1, but did not accelerate flowering in wild type. The MtING2 PHD finger bound H3K4me2/3 peptides weakly in vitro, but analysis of gene‐edited mutants indicated that it was dispensable to MtING2 function in wild‐type plants. RNA sequencing experiments indicated that >7000 genes are mis‐expressed in the Mting2‐1 mutant, consistent with its strong mutant phenotypes. Interestingly, ChIP‐seq analysis identified >5000 novel H3K4me3 locations in the genome of Mting2‐1 mutants compared to wild type R108. Overall, our mutant study has uncovered an important physiological role of a plant ING2 gene in development, flowering, and gene expression, which likely involves an epigenetic mechanism. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-10-17 2022-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9828230/ /pubmed/36178149 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15994 Text en © 2022 The Authors. The Plant Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Jaudal, Mauren Mayo‐Smith, Matthew Poulet, Axel Whibley, Annabel Peng, Yongyan Zhang, Lulu Thomson, Geoffrey Trimborn, Laura Jacob, Yannick van Wolfswinkel, Josien C. Goldstone, David C. Wen, Jiangqi Mysore, Kirankumar S. Putterill, Joanna MtING2 encodes an ING domain PHD finger protein which affects Medicago growth, flowering, global patterns of H3K4me3, and gene expression |
title |
MtING2
encodes an ING domain PHD finger protein which affects Medicago growth, flowering, global patterns of H3K4me3, and gene expression |
title_full |
MtING2
encodes an ING domain PHD finger protein which affects Medicago growth, flowering, global patterns of H3K4me3, and gene expression |
title_fullStr |
MtING2
encodes an ING domain PHD finger protein which affects Medicago growth, flowering, global patterns of H3K4me3, and gene expression |
title_full_unstemmed |
MtING2
encodes an ING domain PHD finger protein which affects Medicago growth, flowering, global patterns of H3K4me3, and gene expression |
title_short |
MtING2
encodes an ING domain PHD finger protein which affects Medicago growth, flowering, global patterns of H3K4me3, and gene expression |
title_sort | mting2
encodes an ing domain phd finger protein which affects medicago growth, flowering, global patterns of h3k4me3, and gene expression |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9828230/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36178149 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15994 |
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