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Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults

OBJECTIVES: Elderly are an understudied, high-risk group vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We comprehensively analyzed the durability of humoral and cellular immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly and younger adults. METHODS: Home-dwelling old (n = 100, median 8...

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Autores principales: Hansen, Lena, Brokstad, Karl Albert, Bansal, Amit, Zhou, Fan, Bredholt, Geir, Onyango, Therese Bredholt, Sandnes, Helene Heitmann, Elyanow, Rebecca, Madsen, Anders, Trieu, Mai-Chi, Sævik, Marianne, Søyland, Hanne, Olofsson, Jan Stefan, Vahokoski, Juha, Ertesvåg, Nina Urke, Fjelltveit, Elisabeth Berg, Shafiani, Shahin, Tøndel, Camilla, Chapman, Heidi, Kaplan, Ian, Mohn, Kristin G.I., Langeland, Nina, Cox, Rebecca Jane
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9830931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36643855
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100262
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author Hansen, Lena
Brokstad, Karl Albert
Bansal, Amit
Zhou, Fan
Bredholt, Geir
Onyango, Therese Bredholt
Sandnes, Helene Heitmann
Elyanow, Rebecca
Madsen, Anders
Trieu, Mai-Chi
Sævik, Marianne
Søyland, Hanne
Olofsson, Jan Stefan
Vahokoski, Juha
Ertesvåg, Nina Urke
Fjelltveit, Elisabeth Berg
Shafiani, Shahin
Tøndel, Camilla
Chapman, Heidi
Kaplan, Ian
Mohn, Kristin G.I.
Langeland, Nina
Cox, Rebecca Jane
author_facet Hansen, Lena
Brokstad, Karl Albert
Bansal, Amit
Zhou, Fan
Bredholt, Geir
Onyango, Therese Bredholt
Sandnes, Helene Heitmann
Elyanow, Rebecca
Madsen, Anders
Trieu, Mai-Chi
Sævik, Marianne
Søyland, Hanne
Olofsson, Jan Stefan
Vahokoski, Juha
Ertesvåg, Nina Urke
Fjelltveit, Elisabeth Berg
Shafiani, Shahin
Tøndel, Camilla
Chapman, Heidi
Kaplan, Ian
Mohn, Kristin G.I.
Langeland, Nina
Cox, Rebecca Jane
author_sort Hansen, Lena
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: Elderly are an understudied, high-risk group vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We comprehensively analyzed the durability of humoral and cellular immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly and younger adults. METHODS: Home-dwelling old (n = 100, median 86 years) and younger adults (n = 449, median 38 years) were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine at 3-week intervals and followed for 9-months. Vaccine-induced responses were compared to home-isolated COVID-19 patients (n = 183, median 47 years). Our analysis included neutralizing antibodies, spike-specific IgG, memory B-cells, IFN-γ and IL-2 secreting T-cells and sequencing of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. RESULTS: Spike-specific breadth and depth of the CD4(+) and CD8(+) TCR repertoires were significantly lower in the elderly after one and two vaccinations. Both vaccinations boosted IFN-γ and IL-2 secreting spike-specific T-cells responses, with 96 % of the elderly and 100 % of the younger adults responding after the second dose, although responses were not maintained at 9-months. In contrast, T-cell responses persisted up to 12-months in infected patients. Spike-specific memory B-cells were induced after the first dose in 87 % of the younger adults compared to 38 % of the elderly, which increased to 83 % after the second dose. Memory B-cells were maintained at 9-months post-vaccination in both vaccination groups. Neutralizing antibody titers were estimated to last for 1-year in younger adults but only 6-months in the older vaccinees. Interestingly, infected older patients (n = 15, median 75 years) had more durable neutralizing titers estimated to last 14-months, 8-months longer than the older vaccinees. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine-induced spike-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were consistently lower in the older than younger vaccinees. Overall, our data provide valuable insights into the kinetics of the humoral and cellular immune response in the elderly after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection, highlighting the need for two doses, which can guide future vaccine design. Clinical trials.gov; NCT04706390.
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spelling pubmed-98309312023-01-10 Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults Hansen, Lena Brokstad, Karl Albert Bansal, Amit Zhou, Fan Bredholt, Geir Onyango, Therese Bredholt Sandnes, Helene Heitmann Elyanow, Rebecca Madsen, Anders Trieu, Mai-Chi Sævik, Marianne Søyland, Hanne Olofsson, Jan Stefan Vahokoski, Juha Ertesvåg, Nina Urke Fjelltveit, Elisabeth Berg Shafiani, Shahin Tøndel, Camilla Chapman, Heidi Kaplan, Ian Mohn, Kristin G.I. Langeland, Nina Cox, Rebecca Jane Vaccine X Regular paper OBJECTIVES: Elderly are an understudied, high-risk group vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We comprehensively analyzed the durability of humoral and cellular immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly and younger adults. METHODS: Home-dwelling old (n = 100, median 86 years) and younger adults (n = 449, median 38 years) were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine at 3-week intervals and followed for 9-months. Vaccine-induced responses were compared to home-isolated COVID-19 patients (n = 183, median 47 years). Our analysis included neutralizing antibodies, spike-specific IgG, memory B-cells, IFN-γ and IL-2 secreting T-cells and sequencing of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. RESULTS: Spike-specific breadth and depth of the CD4(+) and CD8(+) TCR repertoires were significantly lower in the elderly after one and two vaccinations. Both vaccinations boosted IFN-γ and IL-2 secreting spike-specific T-cells responses, with 96 % of the elderly and 100 % of the younger adults responding after the second dose, although responses were not maintained at 9-months. In contrast, T-cell responses persisted up to 12-months in infected patients. Spike-specific memory B-cells were induced after the first dose in 87 % of the younger adults compared to 38 % of the elderly, which increased to 83 % after the second dose. Memory B-cells were maintained at 9-months post-vaccination in both vaccination groups. Neutralizing antibody titers were estimated to last for 1-year in younger adults but only 6-months in the older vaccinees. Interestingly, infected older patients (n = 15, median 75 years) had more durable neutralizing titers estimated to last 14-months, 8-months longer than the older vaccinees. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine-induced spike-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were consistently lower in the older than younger vaccinees. Overall, our data provide valuable insights into the kinetics of the humoral and cellular immune response in the elderly after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection, highlighting the need for two doses, which can guide future vaccine design. Clinical trials.gov; NCT04706390. Elsevier 2023-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9830931/ /pubmed/36643855 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100262 Text en © 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Regular paper
Hansen, Lena
Brokstad, Karl Albert
Bansal, Amit
Zhou, Fan
Bredholt, Geir
Onyango, Therese Bredholt
Sandnes, Helene Heitmann
Elyanow, Rebecca
Madsen, Anders
Trieu, Mai-Chi
Sævik, Marianne
Søyland, Hanne
Olofsson, Jan Stefan
Vahokoski, Juha
Ertesvåg, Nina Urke
Fjelltveit, Elisabeth Berg
Shafiani, Shahin
Tøndel, Camilla
Chapman, Heidi
Kaplan, Ian
Mohn, Kristin G.I.
Langeland, Nina
Cox, Rebecca Jane
Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults
title Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults
title_full Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults
title_fullStr Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults
title_full_unstemmed Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults
title_short Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults
title_sort durable immune responses after bnt162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults
topic Regular paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9830931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36643855
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100262
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